Inhibition in item-method-directed forgetting: A modification of the independent probe technique

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Thompson ◽  
Tracy L. Taylor
1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1179-1188
Author(s):  
W. K. Timmins

In a previous directed-forgetting experiment using a paired-associate probe technique, occasional paired associates which 11 female and 7 male undergraduates had been instructed to forget were repeated in the set which was to be remembered. The results suggested that subjects were aware of that repetition and concentrated their rehearsal capacity on those items, to the detriment of non-repeated ones. The present experiment was an analogue of the earlier one but utilized CCC trigrams rather than paired associates, and the data were scored as for free recall of three unrelated letters. It was reasoned that the repetition of a letter from one CCC to the next would not be recognized by subjects as repetitions. The results showed that, when a letter in a trigram the subject had been instructed to forget was repeated, it was recalled no better than were non-repeated letters. When a letter was repeated in a condition in which there was no instruction to forget, however, recall of the repeated letter improved. It was argued that in this experiment, the instruction to forget caused the repeated letter to be functionally differentiated in two trigrams, and earlier rehearsal did not benefit its retention. When there was no instruction to forget, the repeated letter was functionally identical in both trigrams, and the extra rehearsal improved its level of recall.


2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Kohei Fuseda ◽  
Jun’ichi Katayama

Abstract. Interest is a positive emotion related to attention. The event-related brain potential (ERP) probe technique is a useful method to evaluate the level of interest in dynamic stimuli. However, even in the irrelevant probe technique, the probe is presented as a physical stimulus and steals the observer’s attentional resources, although no overt response is required. Therefore, the probe might become a problematic distractor, preventing deep immersion of participants. Heartbeat-evoked brain potential (HEP) is a brain activity, time-locked to a cardiac event. No probe is required to obtain HEP data. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the HEP can be used to evaluate the level of interest. Twenty-four participants (12 males and 12 females) watched attractive and unattractive individuals of the opposite sex in interesting and uninteresting videos (7 min each), respectively. We performed two techniques each for both the interesting and the uninteresting videos: the ERP probe and the HEP techniques. In the former, somatosensory stimuli were presented as task-irrelevant probes while participants watched videos: frequent (80%) and infrequent (20%) stimuli were presented at each wrist in random order. In the latter, participants watched videos without the probe. The P2 amplitude in response to the somatosensory probe was smaller and the positive wave amplitudes of HEP were larger while watching the videos of attractive individuals than while watching the videos of unattractive ones. These results indicate that the HEP technique is a useful method to evaluate the level of interest without an external probe stimulus.


2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Basden ◽  
Barbara H. Basden ◽  
Emily Morales

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cheng ◽  
W. Lin ◽  
I. Liu ◽  
D. Hung ◽  
O. J. Tzeng
Keyword(s):  

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Sahakyan ◽  
Emily R. Waldum ◽  
Aaron S. Benjamin

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