Understanding Intergroup Relationships: The Role of RWA and SDO from a Longitudinal Perspective

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Carvacho ◽  
Roberto Gonzalez ◽  
Jorge M. Manzi
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relationships

scholarly journals Variation in intergroup encounters among two provisioned free-ranging populations of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Kunio Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Macaca Fuscata ◽  
Japanese Macaque ◽  
Japanese Macaques ◽  
Intergroup Relationships ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Intergroup Encounters ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract Typically, Japanese macaques are thought to avoid encountering other groups wherever possible. Intergroup relations between macaques on Shodoshima Island, however, appear exceptional. We show that neighboring groups of Shodoshima monkeys spent 32.8% of their active time in proximity to (<100 m) and even foraged simultaneously at the same provisioning site with another group. The average duration and rate of intergroup encounters at Shodoshima (59.8 min, 0.33 times/hour, n=269) were approximately ten times longer and 16.5 times more frequent than those at Jigokudani (6.1 min, 0.02 times/hour, n=14). Since both populations have similar provisioning and ecological conditions, such variation cannot be explained by the socioecology model alone. Compared with other populations of Japanese macaques, intergroup relations of Shodoshima monkeys are also characterized by more frequent neutral encounters, less frequent agonistic encounters, more frequent unsuccessful displacement, a lower intensity of aggression, and more frequent counter-aggression between groups. These characteristics suggest that intergroup relationships on Shodoshima Island are more tolerant than those in other Japanese macaque populations. This study reveals considerable differences in intergroup encounters within local populations of Japanese macaques living in similar environments, and emphasizes the role of social factors in such intra-specific variation.

scholarly journals The role of oxytocin in empathy to the pain of conflictual out-group members among patients with schizophrenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (16) ◽  
pp. 3523-3532 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abu-Akel ◽  
M. Fischer-Shofty ◽  
Y. Levkovitz ◽  
J. Decety ◽  
S. Shamay-Tsoory
Keyword(s):  
Patient Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Intergroup Dynamics ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Evaluation Task ◽  
Intergroup Relationships ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Male Patients

Background.Oxytocin (OT) is associated with our ability to empathize and has been shown to play a major role in mediating social behaviors within the context of intergroup dynamics. Schizophrenia is associated with impaired empathy, and with a dysfunctional oxytocinergic system. The effect of OT on the empathic responses of patients with schizophrenia within the context of intergroup relationships has not been studied. The present study examined the effect of OT on the patients' empathic responses to pain experienced by in-group, conflictual out-group and neutral out-group members.Method.In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject cross-over design, the responses on the Pain Evaluation Task of 28 male patients with schizophrenia were compared to 27 healthy male controls. All participants received a single intranasal dose of 24 IU OT or placebo, 1 week apart.Results.OT induced an empathy bias in the healthy controls towards the conflictual out-group members. Although this effect was absent in the patient group, OT seems to heighten an empathic bias in the patient group towards the in-group members when rating non-painful stimuli.Conclusions.The study demonstrates that the administration of OT can result in empathic bias towards adversary out-group members in healthy controls but not in patients with schizophrenia. However, the OT-induced bias in both the patients (in the no-pain condition towards the in-group members) and the healthy controls (in the no-pain and pain conditions towards the adversary out-group) suggests that OT enhances the distinction between conflictual in-group and out-group members.

Step 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-127
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
School Success ◽  
Real Life ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Intergroup Relationships ◽  
Linguistic Categories

Once we know what kind of information to keep for analyzing the situation, we are able to estimate what information is missing. More particularly, this chapter shows how responsivity in observation and enquiry facilitates the search for high-quality pieces of information, such as those that describe when, where, and for whom the problem occurs, as well as depict the students' situation at the intraindividual (reactions to different tasks or activities), interindividual (relationships with classmates), intergroup (relationships in class and at school), and conception levels (students' vision of school success and failure, intelligence conception, etc.). Through real-life situations, this chapter shows the role of the linguistic categories used in discussion and types of discussion in general to avoid the pitfalls of shared reality in impression formation, as well as conformism and groupthink in decision making.

scholarly journals Classical and Modern Prejudice toward Asylum Seekers: The Mediating Role of Intergroup Anxiety in a Sample of Italians

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Rocco Servidio
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Intergroup Relationships ◽  
Modern Prejudice ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Threat Theory

(1) Background: Increasing waves of immigration have not only changed the demographic features of European societies but have also had important implications for intergroup relationships. Based on the theoretical model of intergroup threat theory, this study examined whether and to what extent intergroup anxiety mediates the relationship between antecedents and attitudes toward asylum seekers. (2) Method: In a sample of 470 Italians (mean age 30.21), using a survey-based study, we assessed the antecedent of intergroup anxiety (national identification) and its consequences (classical and modern prejudice). (3) Results: The results supported most of the expected predictions. While intergroup anxiety was positively associated with prejudice toward asylum seekers, national identity was positively related to intergroup anxiety and prejudice. Moreover, the relationships between antecedents and consequences were mediated by intergroup anxiety. (4) Conclusion: This study has identified antecedents that can potentially increase or decrease intergroup anxiety and proposes certain strategies for improving social inclusion policies and relationships between asylum seekers and settled communities. The implications for future studies are discussed.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

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