Expected Contrast Drives the Modification Effect

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Spalding ◽  
Christina L. Gagne
Keyword(s):  
Modification Effect

scholarly journals The modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Yujie Meng ◽  
Hejia Song ◽  
Ran Niu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Modification Effect ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Although exposure to air pollution has been linked to many health issues, few studies have quantified the modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo, China. Methods The data of daily incidence of influenza and the relevant meteorological data and air pollution data in Ningbo from 2014 to 2017 were retrieved. Low, medium and high temperature layers were stratified by the daily mean temperature with 25th and 75th percentiles. The potential modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo was investigated through analyzing the effects of air pollutants stratified by temperature stratum using distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). Stratified analysis by sex and age were also conducted. Results Overall, a 10 μg/m3 increment of O3, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 could increase the incidence risk of influenza with the cumulative relative risk of 1.028 (95% CI 1.007, 1.050), 1.061 (95% CI 1.004, 1.122), 1.043 (95% CI 1.003, 1.085), and 1.118 (95% CI 1.028, 1.216), respectively. Male and aged 7–17 years were more sensitive to air pollutants. Through the temperature stratification analysis, we found that temperature could modify the impacts of air pollution on daily incidence of influenza with high temperature exacerbating the impact of air pollutants. At high temperature layer, male and the groups aged 0–6 years and 18–64 years were more sensitive to air pollution. Conclusion Temperature modified the relationship between air pollution and daily incidence of influenza and high temperature would exacerbate the effects of air pollutants in Ningbo.

Surface Modification of Nano-Al2O3 with Stearic Acid

2016 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 246-250
Author(s):  
Min Hong Xu ◽  
Jian Li Ma ◽  
Meng Xia Qian ◽  
Li Hua Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Modification Effect ◽  
Before And After

Surface modification of nanoAl2O3 with stearic acid by dry method was researched. The structures of nanoAl2O3 before and after modified were characterized by IR. The modification effect on nanoAl2O3 was measured with the activation index. In addition, the influence factors of modifier dosage, modification time and modification temperature were also discussed. The results showed that nanoAl2O3 had been successfully modified with stearic acid. The hydrophily and lipophilicity experiments indicated that modified nanoAl2O3 possessed lipophilicity property and could disperse in xylene. The optimal conditions of modification were as follows: the stearic acid was 7.5 wt%, based on the quality of nanoAl2O3, modification time was 50 min and temperature was 150 ○C.

Study on the modification effect of copper on Al–15Mg2Si composite

2022 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 125323
Author(s):  
L. Hesami ◽  
R. Taghiabadi ◽  
M.H. Ghonche
Keyword(s):  
Modification Effect ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Development of Nano-TiN Modified Cermet Cutter

2004 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 711-715
Author(s):  
Feng Xie ◽  
H.D. Yang ◽  
C.G. Zhang ◽  
N. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
New Technology ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Modification Effect ◽  
Nano Material

Nano technology is a new technology and begun in 1980’s. The paper firstly overviews the development of cermet cutter and its general situation in research, and then introduces the inherent properties owned by nano-technology and nano-material. In the end the nano-TiN modified TiC-based cermet cutter is fabricated and the mechanical properties of the developed cutter are also tested and analyzed. In order to study nano-modification effect, both nano-modified cermet and general cermet have been made. The mechanical properties of two kinds of materials are also measured. By comparing the measured datum, it has been indicated that the nano-modified cermet has better mechanical properties and the nano-modification technology is effective. This presents a new way to increase the toughness of cermet cutter.

scholarly journals Termination and Modification Effect of Civil Law Contract

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Елена Позднышева ◽  
Elena Pozdnysheva
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Modification Effect

Preparation and Research of Anionic and Cationic Secondary Modified Organophilic Montmorillonite

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua Gu ◽  
Shi Wei Li ◽  
Bing Zheng ◽  
Jia Liang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Surfactants ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modification Effect ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Organophilic Montmorillonite

A novel method is proposed to modify montmorillonite with anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and halides stearyl cationic surfactants made by our group (Z-surfactant). The structure of organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) was characterized by XRD and TG. The results of X-ray diffraction show that cationic surfactants and anionic surfactants are all intercalated into the layer of MMT. When modified with cationic surfactants, the interlayer spacing of MMT increases from 1.24 nm to the maximum of 3.76 nm. When it was secondary modified, the insertion order is to insert the cation first and then the anion. The interlayer spacing of montmorillonite increases to 4.80 nm, the modification effect is well.

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