Self-Esteem Gender Gap More Pronounced in Western Countries

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Western Countries

Accentuating Your Masculine Side

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongzeng Bi ◽  
Oscar Ybarra ◽  
Yufang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Agency And Communion

Recent research investigating self-judgment has shown that people are more likely to base their evaluations of self on agency-related traits than communion-related traits. In the present research, we tested the hypothesis that agency-related traits dominate self-evaluation by expanding the purview of the fundamental dimensions to consider characteristics typically studied in the gender-role literature, but that nevertheless should be related to agency and communion. Further, we carried out these tests on two samples from China, a cultural context that, relative to many Western countries, emphasizes the interpersonal or communion dimension. Despite the differences in traits used and cultural samples studied, the findings generally supported the agency dominates self-esteem perspective, albeit with some additional findings in Study 2. The findings are discussed with regard to the influence of social norms and the types of inferences people are able to draw about themselves given such norms.

Negotiating a Hegemonic Discourse of Computing

2011 ◽  
pp. 920-925
Author(s):  
Hilde Corneliussen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Hegemonic Discourse ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Western Countries

The number of women within computer sciences is low in Norway, as in other Western countries (Camp & Gürer, 2002). Research projects have documented that girls and women use the computer less and in other ways than boys and men (Håpnes & Rasmussen, 2003). Even though variations between women and between men also have been documented through research, a dualistic image of gender and ICT has dominated throughout the 1990s (Corneliussen, 2003b). Worries about the “gender gap” related to computers have resulted in a number of initiatives to include girls and women in the “information society,” but in order to do this in a successful manner we need knowledge about what it means to be a man or a woman with a relation to computers. How do men and women construct their own relations to computing?

Body image, self-esteem, and depression-proneness: Closing the gender gap

Sex Roles ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marci McCaulay ◽  
Laurie Mintz ◽  
Audrey A. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Depression Proneness

scholarly journals Why are Spanish Adolescents Binge Drinkers? Focus Group with Adolescents and Parents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3551 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Martínez-Montilla ◽  
Liesbeth Mercken ◽  
Marta Lima-Serrano ◽  
Hein de Vries ◽  
Joaquín S. Lima-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Parental Control ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Future Health

Binge drinking in adolescents is a worldwide public healthcare problem. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions about determinants of binge drinking in Spanish adolescents from the perspective of adolescents and parents. A qualitative study using fourteen semi-structured focus groups of adolescents was conducted during the 2014/2015 school year (n = 94), and four with parents (n = 19), based on the I-Change Model for health behaviour acquisition. Students had a low level of knowledge and risk perception and limited self-efficacy. Girls reported more parental control, and when they get drunk, society perceives them worse. Adolescents suggested focus preventive actions to improve self-efficacy and self-esteem. Parents were permissive about alcohol drinking but rejected binge drinking. They offered alcohol to their children, mainly during celebrations. A permissive family environment, lack of control by parents, adolescents’ low-risk perception, low self-esteem and self-efficacy, as well as the increase of binge drinking in girls as part of the reduction of the gender gap, emerge as risk factors for binge drinking. Future health programmes aimed at reducing binge drinking should focus on enhancing motivational factors, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in adolescents; supervision and parental control; as well as pre-motivational factors by increasing knowledge and risk awareness, considering gender differences.

scholarly journals The Reversal of the Gender Gap in Education and Its Consequences for Family Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Van Bavel ◽  
Christine R. Schwartz ◽  
Albert Esteve
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Female Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gender Display ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Union Stability ◽  
Paid And Unpaid Work

Although men tended to receive more education than women in the past, the gender gap in education has reversed in recent decades in most Western and many non-Western countries. We review the literature about the implications for union formation, assortative mating, the division of paid and unpaid work, and union stability in Western countries. The bulk of the evidence points to a narrowing of gender differences in mate preferences and declining aversion to female status-dominant relationships. Couples in which wives have more education than their husbands now outnumber those in which husbands have more. Although such marriages were more unstable in the past, existing studies indicate that this is no longer true. In addition, recent studies show less evidence of gender display in housework when wives have higher status than their husbands. Despite these shifts, other research documents the continuing influence of the breadwinner-homemaker model of marriage.

scholarly journals Is There a Gender Gap in the Sense of Duty to Vote?

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Galais ◽  
André Blais
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Simple Fact ◽  
Civic Duty ◽  
Western Countries

The topic of gender differences in the propensity to vote has been a central theme in political behavior studies for more than seventy years. When trying to explain why the turnout gender gap has shrunk over the last few decades, some scholars have claimed that this might be due to the fact that women are more dutiful than men; however, no study to date has systematically addressed gender differences regarding the sense of civic duty to vote. The present research focused on such differences and empirically tested the role of political interest and moral predispositions on this gender gap. We explored duty levels in nine different Western countries and, most of the time, we found small but significant gender differences in favor of men. Our estimations suggest that this relationship can be explained mainly by the simple fact that women are less interested in politics than men.

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