scholarly journals Is There a Gender Gap in the Sense of Duty to Vote?

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Galais ◽  
André Blais
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Simple Fact ◽  
Civic Duty ◽  
Western Countries

The topic of gender differences in the propensity to vote has been a central theme in political behavior studies for more than seventy years. When trying to explain why the turnout gender gap has shrunk over the last few decades, some scholars have claimed that this might be due to the fact that women are more dutiful than men; however, no study to date has systematically addressed gender differences regarding the sense of civic duty to vote. The present research focused on such differences and empirically tested the role of political interest and moral predispositions on this gender gap. We explored duty levels in nine different Western countries and, most of the time, we found small but significant gender differences in favor of men. Our estimations suggest that this relationship can be explained mainly by the simple fact that women are less interested in politics than men.

scholarly journals Gender Gap in Upward Mobility: What is the Role of Non-cognitive Traits?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Chu ◽  
S Linz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Large Employer ◽  
Cognitive Traits

Do non-cognitive traits contribute to the gender gap in supervisory status and promotion? We use a large employer-employee matched dataset collected from six former socialist countries to assess the link between non-cognitive traits and upward mobility. Controlling for workplace heterogeneity, we find that gender differences in locus of control, the preference for challenge versus affiliation, and adherence to work ethic together can explain about 7–18% of the gender gap in supervisory status and promotion. Overall, non-cognitive traits provide an important, though modest, explanation for the gender gap in upward mobility. The version of record is available at https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2015-0220. The full citation is as follows: Chu, Y.-W.L., and Linz, S. (2017). Gender gap in upward mobility: what is the role of non-cognitive traits? International Journal of Manpower 38, 835–853.

scholarly journals Non-Cognitive Abilities And Labor Market Outcomes: The Role Of Work Ethic And Personality Traits On Supervisory Status And Promotion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Luke Chu ◽  
Susan J. Linz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Market Outcomes

A growing literature suggests that noncognitive abilities are important determinants of earnings. But empirical research on nonwage labor market outcomes is still limited due to data availability. In this paper, we collect employer-employee linked data from six former socialist countries and estimate three noncognitive abilities: adherence to work ethic, the preference for challenge versus affiliation, and locus of control, and their relationship with workers’ supervisory status and promotions. We find that these noncognitive abilities are strong predictors of the likelihood of being a supervisor and being promoted as well as the number of supervisees and promotions. We also study the role of noncognitive abilities in the gender gap in these labor market outcomes. Based on a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, gender differences in these noncognitive abilities can explain a modest proportion of the gender gap in supervisory status and promotions.

scholarly journals Gender differences in wage expectations: the role of biased beliefs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Briel ◽  
Aderonke Osikominu ◽  
Gregor Pfeifer ◽  
Mirjam Reutter ◽  
Sascha Satlukal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
Conditional Quantile ◽  
Lower Wage

AbstractWe analyze gender differences in expected starting salaries along the wage expectations distribution of prospective university students in Germany, using elicited beliefs about both own salaries and salaries for average other students in the same field. Unconditional and conditional quantile regressions show 5–15% lower wage expectations for females. At all percentiles considered, the gender gap is more pronounced in the distribution of expected own salary than in the distribution of wages expected for average other students. Decomposition results show that biased beliefs about the own earnings potential relative to others and about average salaries play a major role in explaining the gender gap in wage expectations for oneself.

Gender and Local Political Interest: Some International Comparisons

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette C. Hayes ◽  
Clive S. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Political Interest

Since the 1970s, political science research suggests no significant gender differences in overall levels of participation. For example, an examination of current rates of conventional political participation and voter turnout indicates little difference between men and women in either the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, Italy or other western industrial nations.1 Despite this disappearance of gender differences in political participation, however, both national and international research suggests an enduring gender gap in political interest. Regardless of country of origin, women remain less politically interested than men.2

Gender Differences in Access to and Use of ICTs in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1699-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immanuel Ovemeso Umukoro ◽  
Aanuoluwapo Oluwaseun Omolade-Lawal ◽  
Samuel Oyelami Babalola ◽  
Kolawole Sunday Akinsumbo ◽  
Rashida Mebude Aligwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Males And Females

There is a skewed perception of the differences in access to and use of ICTs in modern society, especially in technology less-advanced nations. While there are various schools of thought on this topical issue, less is evident to establish that males and females have equal access to and use of information and communication technologies. Given the role of ICTs for development and the significance of gender equality to economic advancement as seen in the sustainable development goals, understanding gendered access to and use of ICTs can help develop interventions that help close the gender gap in access to and use of ICTs in order to help women leverage technology for socio-economic inclusion. The study, therefore, attempted to understand the presence or absence of gender differences in access to and use of ICTs and identify the causes in order to guide the development of interventions aimed at closing these gaps.

scholarly journals The gender gap in job authority: Do social network resources matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-399
Author(s):  
Lieselotte Blommaert ◽  
Roza Meuleman ◽  
Stefan Leenheer ◽  
Anete Butkēviča
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Social Network Theory ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Network Status

Women generally have less job authority than men. Previous research has shown that human capital, family features and contextual factors cannot fully explain this gender authority gap. Another popular explanation holds that women’s career opportunities are limited because their social networks comprise less beneficial contacts and resources than men’s. Yet, the role of social networks has received little attention in empirical research seeking to explain the gender gap in job authority. This study examines to what extent gender differences in social networks exist and are related to the gender authority gap. Drawing on two strands of social network theory, we develop hypotheses about the role of network diversity and network status. We test these hypotheses using representative longitudinal data from the NEtherlands Longitudinal Lifecourse Study (2009–2013). Results reveal that women generally had less diverse occupational networks in terms of contacts’ occupations and were less likely to know managers than men, network features which are found to be significantly related to job authority. Controlling for these gender differences in networks leads to a reduction of the observed gender authority gap that is statistically significant but modest in substantive terms.

scholarly journals The Cultural Sources of the Gender Gap in Voter Turnout

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Ruth Dassonneville ◽  
Filip Kostelka
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Context Dependent

Abstract Recent publications argue that the traditional gender gap in voting has decreased or reversed in many democracies. However, this decrease may apply only to some types of elections. Building on prior studies, this article hypothesizes that although women participate at the same or higher rates than men in national elections, they participate less in supranational elections. The authors investigate this possibility empirically by analyzing the evolution of the gender gap in voter turnout in elections to the European Parliament (EP). The article makes three important contributions. First, it shows the presence and stability of the traditional gender gap in EP elections. Secondly, it finds that gender differences in political interest are the main source of this gender gap. Thirdly, these gender differences in political interest are, in turn, context dependent. They are strongly associated with cultural gender differences, which are captured through differences in boys’ and girls’ maths scores.

The Dynamics of the Partisan Gender Gap

2004 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANET M. BOX-STEFFENSMEIER ◽  
SUZANNA DE BOEF ◽  
TSE-MIN LIN
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Time Series Approach

Gender differences in vote choice, opinion, and party identification have become a common feature of the American political landscape. We examine the nature and causes of gender differences in partisanship using a time series approach. We show that gender differences are pervasive—existing outside of the context of specific elections or issues—and that they are a product of the interaction of societal conditions and politics. We find that from 1979 to 2000, the partisan gender gap has grown when the political climate moved in a conservative direction, the economy deteriorated, and the percentage of economically vulnerable, single women increased. The gender gap is likely to be a continual feature of the American political landscape: one that shapes everything from elite political behavior to election outcomes.

O sister, where art thou? Theory and evidence on female participation at citizen assemblies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlène Gerber ◽  
Hans-Peter Schaub ◽  
Sean Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Female Participation ◽  
Original Survey

This article investigates gender differences in participation at the citizen assembly of Glarus, Switzerland. We use original survey data collected among 800 citizens. We find significant gender gaps both for attending and holding a speech at the assembly. Lower female attendance is particularly pronounced among older cohorts and can largely be explained by gender differences in political interest, knowledge and efficacy. In contrast, the gender gap in speaking is substantial regardless of age and cannot be reduced to factors that typically shape participation. Hence, gender differences are disappearing in voting but persist in more public, interactive forms of political engagement.

Different Governments, Different Interests: The Gender Gap in Political Interest

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Sánchez-Vítores
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Proportional Reduction

Abstract In recent decades, differences between men and women have blurred in many social dimensions, including levels of educational attainment or access to the labor market. However, this increase in equality has not been reflected in a proportional reduction in the gender gap in political interest. This paper evaluates the extent of gender differences in political interest regarding different arenas, considering the moderating effect of marriage and caring for others using data from the Citizenship, Involvement, and Democracy Project. Although women generally find local politics more interesting than national politics, family, and caring responsibilities are still a source of disadvantage.

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