scholarly journals Perspectives on the history of psychoactive substance use.

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

scholarly journals Prevalence and associations of psychoactive substance use among male supportive staff members in a tertiary care hospital of Sri Lanka

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S293-S293
Author(s):  
Chathurie Suraweera ◽  
Iresha Perera ◽  
Priyanka Rupasinghe ◽  
Janith Galhenage
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

AimsThe study describes the prevalence and associated socio-demographic variables of psychoactive substance use among male supportive staff members at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka.MethodA cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among male supportive staff members of a tertiary care hospital in Colombo District, Sri Lanka by using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. Participants were recruited using stratified cluster sampling in thirteen overseer divisions of the hospital. Anonymous questionnaires were collected into a sealed box and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.ResultThe mean age of the 404 male staff members who participated in the study was 38.78(SD = 10.90) years and 71.5% were married. Among them 202 (49.1%) were educated up to grade 6-11 and 30 of them has had encounters with law in the past. Thirty of participants had history of psychoactive substance use in the family. Alcohol was used more than once a month by 127(30.9%) and more than once a week by 19(4.6%) individuals. Among other substances, tobacco, beetle and beedi were used by 104(25.3%), 78(19.0%) and 18(4.4%) respectively at least once a month. Further, 22(5.3%), 20(4.8%), 7(1.7%) and 7(1.7%) participants used Mava, Cannabis, Methamphetamine and Thool respectively at least less than once a month. Heroin, Tramadol and Morphine were used by two individuals at least less than once a month. Among substance using participants, 132 wished to cut down their habit. Most commonly identified (14.1%) adverse consequence was financial issues secondary to psychoactive substance use. Eleven (4.5%) staff members used the substance at hospital. Alcohol use was associated with age more than 35 years (p = 0.039) and history of forensic involvement (p = 0.038). Tobacco(p = 0.000), beetle (p = 0.056), Cannabis (p = 0.000) and mava (p = 0.015) use were significantly associated with positive forensic history. Supportive staff members’ alcohol and cannabis use was associated with tobacco (p = 0.000, p = 0.000) and beetle use (p = 0.001, p = 0.049). Mava use was associated with alcohol (p = 0.060) use in addition to tobacco (p = 0.020) and beetle use (p = 0.008).Binomial logistic regression revealed alcohol use and beetle use were associated with the number of children in family and above associations.ConclusionCommonest psychoactive substance consumed by supportive staff members were alcohol, tobacco, beetle, Cannabis and Mava in descending order of frequency. Forensic history was significantly associated with substance use. True prevalence of substance use can be higher than these values.

Gamma-Butyrolactone Overdose Potentially Complicated by Co-Ingestion of Industrial Solvent N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Melamed ◽  
Roy Gerona ◽  
Paul D Blanc ◽  
Paul Takamoto ◽  
Stephanie Conner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
New Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Endogenous Metabolism ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Gamma Butyrolactone

Abstract Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is misused as an intoxicant, either alone or concurrently with other substances. Because GHB is illegal, the precursor chemicals 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone are also misused for the same effect, either through pre-ingestion alteration or endogenous metabolism to GHB. We describe a case of a 50-year-old man with a history of polysubstance misuse who experienced an overdose of GHB from gamma-butyrolactone ingestion. The patient also co-ingested a common industrial solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). This co-ingested substance raised theoretical concern of metabolism to a GHB congener, underscoring that the emergence of new psychoactive substance use patterns requires ongoing vigilance and toxicologic confirmation.

scholarly journals Nigerian Medical Students’ Opinions about Individuals who use and Abuse Psychoactive Substances

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. SART.S12129
Author(s):  
Bawo O. James ◽  
Joyce O. Omoaregba
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Use Factors

Substance use disorders are prevalent in Nigeria. The number of available specialist health providers is inadequate to fill the treatment gap. Interventions can be provided by nonspecialist health providers and have been found to be beneficial. However, attitudes toward substance misuse and misusers can impede the provision of this service. We aimed to determine attitudes of medical trainees toward substance use by utilizing a modified form of the Substance Abuse Attitude Scale (SAAS). Medical students (n = 200) had positive attitudes toward individuals who misuse psychoactive substances. The medial students, however, preferred treatment to be offered by trained specialists and held restrictive views regarding cannabis and alcohol use. More positive attitudes were expressed by participants who were male or had a lifetime history of psychoactive substance use. The role of personal and family-related psychoactive substance use factors are probably associated with attitudinal responses and would require further exploration.

Genetic and environmental influences on illicit drug use and tobacco use across birth cohorts

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1349-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH S. KENDLER ◽  
CHARLES GARDNER ◽  
KRISTEN C. JACOBSON ◽  
MICHAEL C. NEALE ◽  
CAROL A. PRESCOTT
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Moderate Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
History Of Use

Background. The prevalence of use of many psychoactive substances has changed considerably in recent years. While genetic factors impact on overall risk for substance use, we know little about whether the etiological importance of these factors differs across birth cohorts. One theory, which postulates that heritability of deviant traits increases in permissive environments, predicts a positive relationship across cohorts between prevalence and heritability of substance use.Method. The lifetime history of use of tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, sedatives and stimulants were assessed in 4826 twins from male–male and female–female pairs born in Virginia from 1934 to 1974. Using empirical methods based on prevalence by birth year, these twins were divided into three cohorts for each substance (e.g. for cannabis 1934–1953, 1954–1968 and 1969–1974). Structural equation modeling was performed using the Mx software package.Results. Prevalence rates for psychoactive substance use differed substantially across cohorts, most markedly for cocaine, sedatives and stimulants, which were highest in the 1958–1963 cohort. However, for all substances, the best-fit model constrained estimates of the etiological role of genetic and environmental risk factors to be equal across both sex and cohort.Conclusions. We found no evidence in this sample for any systematic relationship between heritability and prevalence of psychoactive substance use – which should be a rough index of drug availability and/or acceptability. This sample had reasonable power to detect large changes in heritability across cohorts and at least moderate power to detect relatively small changes.

scholarly journals Morbidity Pattern and Profile of Patients Attended at the Private Chamber of a Practicing Psychiatrist

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379
Author(s):  
Tanmay Prakash Biswas ◽  
Burahan Uddin Haider ◽  
Saroj Kumar Dass
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Mental illnesses are of various types and all of them have a great impact on the life of the Sufferer, family members and on the society. This study was conducted by the author in the middle of 2002 to find out types of mental illness prevailing in the community on the patients attended at his private chamber. Total eighty new cases were attended during the study period. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant data and Mental State Examination was done by the author during clinical interview. Majority of the patients belonged to 11 to 30 year age group. Males were 65% and the rest were females. Muslims and Hindu patients were 86.25 and 13.75% respectively. A good number (11.25%) of the cases were married before 18 years of age and 22.50% had a family history of mental illness. Two-thirds of the cases were from rural background. Psychotic patients were 51.25%. Patients having Mental retardation, Headache and Psychoactive substance use disorder also present. Urban patients suffer more than rural. Findings of this may be helpful in assessing the present disease situation in our community.KYAMC Journal Vol. 4, No.-2, Jan 2014, Page 371-379

Religious Uses of Licit and Illicit Psychoactive Substances in a Branch of the Santo Daime Religion

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Santo Daime ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
Constant Source

The article deals with the different effects of tolerant and prohibitionist policies associated with psychoactive substance use in Brazil. Whereas the licit use of ayahuasca has been successfully incorporated into mainstream Brazilian society, the ritual use of cannabis by one of the Santo Daime religious groups has never been fully accepted and remains a constant source of problems for the ayahuasca churches, their followers and society at large.

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