scholarly journals Developmental continuity and change in physical, verbal, and relational aggression and peer victimization from childhood to adolescence.

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1709-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idean Ettekal ◽  
Gary W. Ladd
Keyword(s):  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Developmental Continuity

Unpacking the misfit effect: Exploring the influence of gender and social norms on the association between aggression and peer victimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542199286
Author(s):  
Ellyn Charlotte Bass ◽  
Lina Maria Saldarriaga ◽  
Ana Maria Velasquez ◽  
Jonathan B. Santo ◽  
William M. Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Adolescent Peer Groups

Social norms are vital for the functioning of adolescent peer groups; they can protect the well-being of groups and individual members, often by deterring harmful behaviors, such as aggression, through enforcement mechanisms like peer victimization; in adolescent peer groups, those who violate aggression norms are often subject to victimization. However, adolescents are nested within several levels of peer group contexts, ranging from small proximal groups, to larger distal groups, and social norms operate within each. This study assessed whether there are differences in the enforcement of aggression norms at different levels. Self-report and peer-nomination data were collected four times over the course of a school year from 1,454 early adolescents ( M age = 10.27; 53.9% boys) from Bogota, Colombia. Multilevel modeling provided support for social regulation of both physical aggression and relational aggression via peer victimization, as a function of gender, grade-level, proximal (friend) or distal (class) injunctive norms of aggression (perceptions of group-level attitudes), and descriptive norms of aggression. Overall, violation of proximal norms appears to be more powerfully enforced by adolescent peer groups. The findings are framed within an ecological systems theory of adolescent peer relationships.

Developmental Continuity and Change in the Cultural Construction of the “Difficult Child”: A Study in Six Western Cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (170) ◽  
pp. 43-68
Author(s):  
Charles M. Super ◽  
Sara Harkness ◽  
Sabrina Bonichini ◽  
Barbara Welles ◽  
Piotr Olaf Zylicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Developmental Continuity

Youth’s Expectations for Their Teacher’s Handling of Peer Victimization and Their Socioemotional Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Troop-Gordon ◽  
Alexander K. Kaeppler ◽  
Darcy J. Corbitt-Hall
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Socioemotional Development ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Children’S Expectations ◽  
Over Time

Evidence suggests that children’s expectations for how their teacher responds to students’ aggression moderate concurrent links between peer victimization and adjustment. This study extends this work by examining these associations longitudinally. Youth ( N = 366; 196 girls; [Formula: see text]) reported on their teacher’s use of five responses to peer victimization, two reflecting active intervention and three reflecting passive responses. Physical aggression, relational aggression, prosocial behavior, depressive symptoms, and anxiety were measured over two school years. Perceiving the teacher as contacting parents or separating students buffered the link between victimization and emotional maladjustment. Perceiving the teacher as advising independent coping or avoidance amplified links between victimization and behavioral problems. Some of these associations were sustained or emerged over time. These results underscore the potential importance of children’s perceptions of their teachers’ responses with peer victimization to their socioemotional development in early adolescence.

A cross-cultural analysis of the relations of physical and relational aggression with peer victimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellyn Charlotte Bass ◽  
Lina Saldarriaga ◽  
Josafa Cunha ◽  
Bin-Bin Chen ◽  
Jonathan Bruce Santo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

To better address the many consequences of peer victimization, research must identify not only aspects of individuals that put them at risk for victimization, such as aggression, but also aspects of the context that influence the extent of that risk. To this end, this study examined the contextual influences of gender, same-sex peer group norms of physical and relational aggression, and nationality on the associations of physical and relational aggression with peer victimization in early adolescents from Canada, China, Brazil, and Colombia ( N = 865; Mage = 11.01, SD = 1.24; 55% boys). Structural equation modeling was used to test for measurement invariance of the latent constructs. Multilevel modeling revealed that both forms of aggression were positive predictors of peer victimization, but physical aggression was a stronger predictor for girls than boys. Cross-national differences emerged in levels of peer victimization, such that levels were highest in Brazil and lowest in Colombia. Cross-national differences were also evidenced in the relationship between relational aggression and victimization: the relationship was positive in China, Brazil, and Canada (listed in descending order of magnitude), but negative in Colombia. Above and beyond the cross-national differences, physical aggression was a stronger predictor of victimization in peer groups low in physical aggression, and relational aggression was a stronger predictor in peer groups low in relational aggression. Ultimately, this research is intended to contribute to a better theoretical understanding of risk factors for peer victimization and the development of more effective and culturally-appropriate prevention and intervention efforts.

scholarly journals Childhood roots of being green: Environmental morality and behavior in children and adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A Stern ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Tobias Grossmann ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Authority Figure ◽  
Environmental Actions ◽  
Developmental Continuity ◽  
Sustainable Behavior ◽  
And Behavior

How do environmental morality and sustainable behavior emerge in childhood? We examined individuals’ moral judgments of environmental actions and their observed sustainable behavior in an environmental trade-off task in a sample of N = 555 young adults (Study 1) and N = 45 children ages 3–10 (Study 2). We show that both children and adults viewed pro-environmental behavior positively and environmental harm negatively—even if the action was sanctioned by an authority figure; however, both children’s and adults’ judgments of actions impacting other people were stronger than judgments of actions impacting the environment. Among children, negative judgments of environmental harm strengthened with age, as did their preference to befriend a pro-environmental character. Sustainable behavior was associated with judgments of environmental harm among adults, but with judgments of pro-environmental actions among children. These findings point to both developmental continuity and change in environmental morality and behavior.

scholarly journals Parental Corporal Punishment and Peer Victimization in Middle Childhood: A Sex-Moderated Mediation Model of Aggression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Martin ◽  
José Manuel Muñoz ◽  
Paloma Braza ◽  
Rosa Ruiz-Ortiz ◽  
Nora del Puerto-Golzarri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Indirect Aggression ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Child Aggression ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model

There is a peak in peer victimization during middle childhood, with multiple negative consequences. Parental use of corporal punishment and child aggression are the most widely studied predictors of this phenomenon. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether parental use of corporal punishment affects peer victimization through child aggression. This mediation model was explored for both mothers and fathers and for both physical and relational forms of aggression and peer victimization. Furthermore, we also analyzed whether the mediation models were moderated by the sex of the child. Participants were 234 third graders (46% girls). Child aggression and victimization were measured by peers using the Mini Direct Indirect Aggression Inventory. Independent measures of mother’s and father’s use of corporal punishment were obtained from a PCA of items from the Parental Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). Conditional process modeling was carried out using a macro for SPSS developed by Hayes (2013). Results indicated that aggression mediated the relation of parental corporal punishment to peer victimization. Some interesting moderating effects of sex in this mediation model were found; specifically, physical, and relational aggression mediated the relation of maternal corporal punishment to peer victimization only in boys. Few studies to date have addressed the connection between aggressive behavior and peer victimization as outcomes of corporal punishment, taking into consideration the role of parent’s and child’s sex, and both physical and relational forms of aggression and victimization during childhood.

Contextual influences on the relations between physical and relational aggression and peer victimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bruce Santo ◽  
Ellyn Charlotte Bass ◽  
Luz Stella-Lopez ◽  
William M. Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Relationally Aggressive ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Previous studies have demonstrated that several contextual factors influence the relationship between aggression and peer victimization in early adolescence, including gender of the same-sex peer group and gender composition of the school. The current study replicated and expanded on this research by examining the moderating influences of gender of the same-sex peer group, same-sex peer group norms, and classroom gender composition in a sample of early adolescents from Barranquilla, Colombia. Multilevel modeling analyses indicated that both relational and physical aggression were positive predictors of peer victimization. Relationally aggressive girls were at a lower risk for victimization while physically aggressive girls were at a higher risk. Relational aggression was a weaker predictor in classes with a larger proportion of girls. Additionally, relational aggression was a weaker predictor in same-sex peer groups with a greater prevalence of relational aggression. These findings provide further evidence of multiple forms of contextual influence on social behavior. Practical implications for these findings are also provided.

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