Policy attitudes toward adolescents transitioning gender.

Abstract Despite the importance of public transport for urban vitality, social equity, and mobility, the discussions surrounding these topics have become heated ideological battles between liberals and conservatives in the United States, as in other countries. Conservatives, in particular, have exhibited anti-transit attitudes that have worked against the development of public transport. Scholars note that political trust functions as a heuristic and its impact is felt more strongly among individuals who face ideological risks with respect to a given public policy. Based on several studies noting the relationships between political trust, ideology and policy attitudes, the study employs the pooled data of the 2010 and 2014 General Social Surveys. It finds that conservatives are negatively associated with supporting spending on public transport, but when contingent upon high levels of political trust, they become more supportive of it. The study discusses the potential of political trust as a mechanism to influence public policy discourses as well as certain methodological and substantive limitations.

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How government-controlled media shifts policy attitudes through framing

Political Science Research and Methods ◽

10.1017/psrm.2021.35 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Jennifer Pan ◽

Zijie Shao ◽

Yiqing Xu

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Public Opinion ◽

Authoritarian Regimes ◽

Policy Positions ◽

Policy Issues ◽

Composite Measures ◽

Policy Attitudes ◽

Tv News

Abstract Research shows that government-controlled media is an effective tool for authoritarian regimes to shape public opinion. Does government-controlled media remain effective when it is required to support changes in positions that autocrats take on issues? Existing theories do not provide a clear answer to this question, but we often observe authoritarian governments using government media to frame policies in new ways when significant changes in policy positions are required. By conducting an experiment that exposes respondents to government-controlled media—in the form of TV news segments—on issues where the regime substantially changed its policy positions, we find that by framing the same issue differently, government-controlled media moves respondents to adopt policy positions closer to the ones espoused by the regime regardless of individual predisposition. This result holds for domestic and foreign policy issues, for direct and composite measures of attitudes, and persists up to 48 hours after exposure.

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(Re)organizing the music curriculum as multicultural music education

International Journal of Music Education ◽

10.1177/0255761420986219 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 025576142098621

Author(s):

Alethea Cassandra de Villiers

Keyword(s):

Music Education ◽

Multicultural Education ◽

National Curriculum ◽

Compulsory Education ◽

Social Institutions ◽

Cultural Hegemony ◽

Multicultural Music Education ◽

Learning And Teaching ◽

Western Art ◽

Policy Attitudes

Cultural hegemony permeates society and is spread through social institutions. These institutions socialize people into the norms, values and beliefs of the dominant social groups. Moreover, cultural hegemony is spread and perpetuated through education in the form of compulsory education, a national curriculum, national assessments, as well as the hidden curriculum. The cultural hegemony of Western Art Music is established as the standard of music making and is institutionalized in education systems, national curricula and national assessment practices because it is inherent in ideologies and decision making. To counter the dominant hegemony, multicultural education philosophies have been adopted in democracies. The purpose of multicultural education is to change the dominant hegemony and bring about transformation in policy, attitudes, curriculum, assessment, the language of instruction, and strategies for learning and teaching. In this article, I discuss and compare music curricula from South Africa and Australia to determine how multiculturalism is manifested in the curriculum content for music in schools. I also suggest possible frameworks for curriculum developers in democracies to consider, which would subvert the status quo and establish a counter-hegemony.

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Deservingness Heuristics and Policy Attitudes toward the Elderly in an Aging Society: Evidence from Japan

Political Research Quarterly ◽

10.1177/10659129211016061 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106591292110160

Author(s):

Yesola Kweon ◽

ByeongHwa Choi

Keyword(s):

Senior Citizens ◽

The Elderly ◽

Government Support ◽

Policy Support ◽

Issue Framing ◽

Aging Society ◽

Policy Attitudes ◽

Working Age ◽

Working Age Population ◽

Economic Need

Deservingness theory contends that spending on the elderly is widely supported across age groups because, unlike other groups such as immigrants or the unemployed, senior citizens are perceived as morally worthy of social aid. However, through a survey experiment in Japan, a prototypical aging society, this study shows that in a state with a large population of senior citizens, there is a significant age gap in policy preferences with the working-age population demonstrating stronger opposition to government support for the elderly. To induce empathetic policy attitudes toward the elderly, therefore, effective issue framing is necessary. However, emphasizing economic need is not enough; it is only when both the elderly’s economic need and effort to work are emphasized that we see a positive attitudinal change among the working-age population. In addition, we find that the economically secure are more sensitive to senior citizens’ economic need and effort to work in determining their policy support. By contrast, the economically insecure exhibit unqualified support for the elderly. These findings demonstrate that deservingness for the elderly is not innate, but is driven by conditional altruism. Furthermore, our work emphasizes the importance of issue framing in generating intergenerational solidarity in a rapidly aging society.

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Long-term trends in alcohol policy attitudes in Norway

Drug and Alcohol Review ◽

10.1111/dar.12098 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 220-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ingeborg Rossow ◽

Elisabet E. Storvoll

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Policy ◽

Policy Attitudes ◽

Long Term Trends

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The Determinants and Consequences of Accurate Beliefs About Childhood Vaccinations

American Politics Research ◽

10.1177/1532673x17745342 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 628-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mark R. Joslyn ◽

Steven M. Sylvester

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

Survey Data ◽

Party Identification ◽

Motivated Reasoning ◽

Parental Choice ◽

Practical Significance ◽

The Public ◽

Policy Attitudes ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact

In this article, we examine the individual predictors that are responsible for accurate beliefs about the link between vaccinations and autism. We then show how these beliefs affect policy preferences about vaccines. We derive two hypotheses from motivated reasoning theory and test these on national survey data from Gallup and CBS News. Republicans were less likely to report accurate beliefs than Democrats. In addition, educational attainment modified the impact of party identification. The gap between Republicans and Democrats in likelihood of reporting accurate beliefs was largest among the most educated portion of the public. Finally, we show that accurate beliefs about vaccines, independent of statistical controls, are important predictors of policy attitudes about unvaccinated children attending public school and parental choice about the decision to vaccinate. We discuss the theoretical and practical significance of these findings.

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How Can Economic Interests Influence Support for Free Trade?

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818312000057 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 311-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Benjamin O. Fordham ◽

Katja B. Kleinberg

Keyword(s):

Trade Policy ◽

Free Trade ◽

Well Being ◽

Economic Interests ◽

Policy Attitudes ◽

Self Interest ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Direction Of Causation ◽

Complete Account

AbstractRecent research on the sources of individual attitudes toward trade policy comes to very different conclusions about the role of economic self-interest. The skeptical view suggests that long-standing symbolic predispositions and sociotropic perceptions shape trade policy opinions more than one's own material well-being. We believe this conclusion is premature for two reasons. First, the practice of using one attitude to predict another raises questions about direction of causation that cannot be answered with the data at hand. This problem is most obvious when questions about the expected impact of trade are used to predict opinions about trade policy. Second, the understanding of self-interest employed in most studies of trade policy attitudes is unrealistically narrow. In reality, the close relationship between individual economic interests and the interests of the groups in which individuals are embedded creates indirect pathways through which one's position in the economy can shape individual trade policy preferences. We use the data employed by Mansfield and Mutz to support our argument that a more complete account of trade attitude formation is needed and that in such an account economic interests may yet play an important role.1

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