scholarly journals The attribution of navigational- and goal-directed agency in dogs (Canis familiaris) and human toddlers (Homo sapiens).

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tibor Tauzin ◽  
Andor Csík ◽  
Kata Lovas ◽  
György Gergely ◽  
József Topál
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Canis Familiaris

scholarly journals In Silico Investigation of Luminol, Its Analogues and Mechanism of Chemiluminescence for Blood Identification Beyond Forensics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Toluwase H. Fatoki
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Molecular Binding ◽  
Binding Score ◽  
In Silico Study ◽  
Fluorescent Products ◽  
New Methodologies

Objective: This study aimed at discovering chemiluminescent analogues of luminol, predict their molecular binding to hemoglobin of bloodstains in household crime, and expound the mechanism of chemiluminescence of luminol. Materials and Methods: Similarity and clustering analyses of luminol analogues were conducted, and molecular docking was carried out using hemoglobin from Homo sapiens and four domestic organisms namely Gallus gallus, Drosophila melanogaster, Rattus norvegicus, and Canis familiaris. Results: The results showed the order of overall binding score as D. melanogaster > H. sapiens > C. familiaris > R. norvegicus > G. gallus. Seven compounds namely ZINC16958228, ZINC17023010, ZINC19915427, ZINC34928954, ZINC19915369, ZINC19915444, and ZINC82294978, were found to be consistently stable in binding with diverse hemoglobin and possibly have chemiluminescence than luminol in this in silico study. The interaction of human hemoglobin with luminol and its analogues, showed that amino acid residues His45, Lys61, Asn68, Val73, Met76, Pro77, Ala79, Ala82, Leu83, Pro95, Phe98, Lys99, Ser102, Ser133, Ala134, and Thr134, were possibly significant in the mechanism of action of presumptive test compounds. It was hypothesized that the improved mechanism of chemiluminescent for the identification of blood was based on peroxidase-like reaction, that produces nitric oxide which binds to hemoglobin (Hb) and inhibits Hb degradation without yielding fluorescent products. The compound 2,3-benzodioxine-1,4,5(6H)-trione was formed, which possibly emits light. Conclusion: This study provides novel insight on the luminol and its expanded mechanism for broader possible applications with careful development of new methodologies.

scholarly journals In-Silico Investigation of Luminol, Its Analogues and Improved Mechanism of Chemiluminescence for Blood Identification Beyond Forensics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toluwase Hezekiah Fatoki
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Molecular Binding ◽  
Binding Score ◽  
Actual Mechanism ◽  
Nitrosonium Cation ◽  
Fluorescent Products ◽  
New Methodologies

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to discover chemiluminescent analogues of luminol, understand their molecular binding to hemoglobin of bloodstains in the household crime, and the mechanism of chemiluminescence. Similarity and clustering analyses of luminol analogues were conducted, and molecular docking was carried out on hemoglobin from Homo sapiens and other four domestic organism namely Gallus gallus, Drosophila melanogaster, Rattus norvegicus, and Canis familiaris. The results show that the order of overall binding score is D. melanogaster > H. sapiens > C. familiaris > R. norvegicus > G. gallus. Seven compounds namely ZINC16958228, ZINC17023010, ZINC19915427, ZINC34928954, ZINC19915369, ZINC19915444, and ZINC82294978, were found to be consistently stable in binding to diverse hemoglobin and possibly have chemiluminescence than luminol. The amino acid residues involved in the interaction of human hemoglobin with the 30 test compounds, show that His45, Lys61, Asn68, Val73, Met76, Pro77, Ala79, Ala82, Leu83, Pro95, Phe98, Lys99, Ser102, Ser133, Ala134, and Thr134 are significant in the mechanism of action of presumptive test compounds. The improved mechanism of chemiluminescent identification of blood hypothesized that nitrite interact with the Fe(II) heme, with the cleavage of a hydroxide ion and the formation of the nitrosonium cation in peroxidase reaction. It was proposed that degradation of rhombic heme complex to fluorescent products is possibly inhibited by nitric oxide from the test compound luminol. This study provides novel insight on the luminol and its actual mechanism for broader possible applications of luminol with careful development of new methodologies.

scholarly journals eDNA from culture-independent Hirudinaria bpling Phillips 2012 (Annelida: Hirundinidae) as a tool for biodiversity assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Biodiversity Assessment ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Culture Independent

Recent interest in the use of leeches as a source of eDNA by obtaining and analyzing traces of its last blood meal has proven noteworthy as a tool in screening biodiversity. As the method is fairly new and has relatively unexplored benefits, its assessment as a tool in such fields as ecology and biotechnology prompts further studies. This study was conducted to provide an alternative to collecting samples in poorly-explored areas or in areas where collection is very difficult, if not impossible. Using leeches collected from Angadanan, Isabela, DNA was extracted and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified using conventional PCR. Gene sequences from resulting amplicons were matched with similar sequences using BLASTn, where prey sequences were narrowed down to organisms with the highest match of no less than 85%. Highest score of similarities were obtained and species identified included Cyprinus carpio L. 1758, Homo sapiens L., 1758, Bos taurus L., 1758, Bubalus bubalis carabanensis L.S. Castillo, 1998, Equus caballus L., 1758, and Canis familiaris L., 1758. These results demonstrate that using leech-extracted blood meal may be a successful tool in screening vertebrate biodiversity.

A comparative study of memory for olfactory discriminations: Dogs (Canis familiaris), rats (Rattus norvegicus), and humans (Homo sapiens).

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Ka-Ho Lo ◽  
Krista Macpherson ◽  
Hayden MacDonald ◽  
William A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Canis Familiaris

scholarly journals Detección de Leishmania spp. (Trypanosomatidae) e identificación de ingestas sanguíneas en flebotomíneos de un nuevo foco de leishmaniasis en el Caribe colombiano.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Alemán Santos ◽  
Lina Martínez-Pérez ◽  
Matilde Rivero-Rodríguez ◽  
Luis Cortés-Alemán ◽  
Alveiro Pérez-Doria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

Introducción: Aunque la leishmaniasis visceral (LV) es endémica en el Caribe colombiano, en los últimos años se ha observado un incremento en su área de distribución, con el registro de casos en nuevas localidades. Objetivos: En este estudio se caracterizaron los flebotomíneos, parásitos del género Leishmania y algunos vertebrados domésticos asociados al primer caso humano de LV en la vereda Toro, San Juan Nepomuceno, Bolívar, Colombia. Metodología: Los insectos fueron sometidos a extracción, amplificación y secuenciación de ADN para establecer si estaban infectados con Leishmania spp. e identificar sus ingestas sanguíneas. Adicionalmente, en los caninos se determinaron los títulos de anticuerpos anti-Leishmania mediante la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta. Resultados: En total se recolectaron 2178 flebotomíneos, el 99,6% de los cuales fue identificado como Lutzomyia evansi. Los parásitos Leishmania infantum y Leishmania braziliensis fueron detectados en esta especie, con una frecuencia mínima de infección de 0,003% (3/1070) y 0,0009% (1/1070), respectivamente. El 16,73% de las hembras de Lu. evansi se encontraron alimentadas de Homo sapiens sapiens, el 16,32% de  Capra hircus , el 12,45% de Sus scrofa domesticus, el 11,63 % de Bos indicus y el 9,79% de Canis familiaris. Uno de ocho caninos serológicamente evaluados fue positivo para leishmaniasis canina. Conclusión: El hallazgo en Lu. evansi de ingestas de sangre mixtas de humanos y caninos, evidencia el vínculo epidemiológico entre las Lutzomyia infectados con el parásito, los potenciales reservorios y la población humana, lo que explicaría la aparición del primer caso de LV en esta localidad del Caribe colombiano.

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