The purpose and practice of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in psychological research: Decisions for scale development and validation.

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Flora ◽  
Jessica K. Flake
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals Challenges of Occupational Safety Specialists’ Scale: A Scale Development Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Organizational Challenges ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Universe

Abstract: The object of this study was to develop challenges of occupational safety specialists scale for Turkish sample. The universe of this research is occupational safety specialists who work in the private sector. The scale consists of two parts that were the main challenges and organizational challenges part. 332 participants responded main challenges part and 314 participants responded organizational challenges part. The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis ( EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed that organizational challenges part have to be assessed as a separate scale from main challenges part. 6 factor was obtained for main challenges with 28 items which were named as ‘insufficient awareness of employees’ (13 items), ‘providing lack of resources’ (3 items), ‘ignorance of employees’ (3 items), ‘unwillingness of employees to participation’ (3 items), ‘legislative challenges’(3 items) and ‘law based challenges’ (3 items). Additionally, 1 factor was obtained for organizational challenges part with 6 items. As a result, psychometrics specifics of both main challenges scale and organizational challenges scale showed that scales were valid and reliable for Turkish sample.

Development and Validation of an Empirical Model-based Instrument to Measure Empathy-driven Organizational Cultures in Indian Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-499
Author(s):  
Debarshi Roy
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Indian Schools ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Core Construct

It has been widely acknowledged that empathy plays an important role in school education, but empathy as a part of school organizational culture has not been extensively studied in the Indian context. This study explores empathy as the driver for school organizational culture and strives to create a platform for school organizational designs with empathy as the core construct. The study was conducted with two main objectives: (a) to establish and validate a model of empathy-driven school organizational culture and (b) to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure organizational empathy in Indian schools. A random sample of 441 students participated in the study. The empathy-driven model was validated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. A part of the questionnaire used for the first part of the study was used for the second part as an independent instrument and validated through confirmatory factor analysis. The instrument was further validated for convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity. Thus, a model for empathy-driven school organizations was validated and a reliable and valid instrument for measuring empathy-driven cultures in schools was developed.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Schadenfreude Scale for Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol volume 05 (issue 2) ◽  
pp. 267-283
Author(s):  
Prof. Dr. Rubina Hanif ◽  
Naila Batool
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Development And Validation

The present study is based on the development of scale to measure schadenfreude in adolescents. The objectives of the study are twofold i.e., the development of an indigenous scale to measure schadenfreude among adolescents and to establish the validity of this scale. To achieve these goals, study comprised of two phases. Item pool was generated on the basis of literature as well as content analysis of the information obtained through focus groups and it was finalized through committee approach. Factor structure of the scale was determined by conducting Exploratory Factor Analysis (N=330). In Phase-II, psychometric properties of the scale were established by conducting Confirmatory Factor Analysis on an independent sample (N=320). Descriptive statistics, alpha reliabilities and item total correlations were computed. The final scale comprised of 28 statements with six domains included Rivalry, Negative Emotions, Unfairness, Worthlessness, Comparison Bias, and Helplessness. It is a measure schadenfreude among adolescents.

Development of the destination food image scale (DFIS) and examination of measurement invariance by gender

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Görür ◽  
Cem Oktay Güzeller
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scale Adaptation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Food Image ◽  
Image Component

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to create a reliable and valid scale to assess the destination food image perceived by the tourists regarding the food in Turkey within the cognitive and affective image component framework. In line with this purpose, both scale development and scale adaptation studies are conducted, and measurement invariance of the scale for gender is analyzed.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the survey model among quantitative research methods. Scale development processes are used to assess the cognitive image; the construct validity is analyzed with exploratory factor analysis (n = 328), confirmatory factor analysis (n = 425) and convergent and discriminant validity. Scale adaptation processes are followed to assess the affective image, and construct validity is tested with confirmatory factor analysis (n = 425). The reliability of both scales is investigated with Cronbach's alpha. Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel (CMH) analysis is conducted for measurement invariance for gender.FindingsConstruct validity and reliability provided the desired values in all processes. Measurement invariance results proved that the scale does not change according to genders.Research limitations/implicationsThe data obtained in this study have geographical limitations, and the data represent tourists visiting Antalya, an important tourism destination in Turkey.Practical implicationsThe scale will provide concrete information about the destination food image and help practitioners to test the model and develop future strategies for the destination.Originality/valueThis study presents an integrated approach to understanding the destination food image and expands theoretical and empirical evidence by creating a scale that measures both cognitive and affective image component. Scale-invariant shows that there is no item bias for analyzed gender and contributes to generalizability.

Assessing Extraversion and Emotional Stability in Adolescents: Development and Validation of a Questionnaire

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreu Vigil-Colet ◽  
Urbano Lorenzo-Seva ◽  
Fabia Morales-Vives ◽  
Eliseo Chico
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation

A reduced version of the Five-factor Personality Inventory, which only considers two of the five original dimensions, was constructed to assess Extraversion and Emotional Stability especially for a sample of 581 adolescents. This used Items 6, 9, 11, 19, 21, 39, 41, 46, 54, 59, 61, 66, 84, 89, 91, and 99. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor structure of the questionnaire is acceptable, and both scales are reliable and correlated with similar measures as The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised.

scholarly journals e-Learning quality: Scale development and validation in Indian context

2012 ◽  
pp. 500-517
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Covariance Model ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Quality Scale ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Development And Validation

The aim of this paper is to develop a reliable and valid e-learning quality measurement scales from the learner as well as faculty perspectives in Indian context. Exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis was done which is presented in two forms; covariance model and the structural model. The covariance model shows that the factors namely collaboration, industry acceptance and value addition are important from the learner’s point of view whereas the factors namely transparency in assessment, technical know-how and engagement (from students) are important from faculty point of view. Factors namely course content and design structures (technology/website design) are found equally important for learner’s as well as faculty’s perspective. The structural models validate the previously extracted factors along with their indicators. The findings of this study validate the long held belief that e-learning quality is a multidimensional construct and serves as a critical success factor. The proposed scale will help in identifying issues that contribute towards e-learning quality in Indian context and thereby formulating strategies accordingly, resulting in efficient (in terms of cost) and effective (outcomes) e-learning practices, which is the necessity of the hour for the economic development of the country. A fair amount of literature on e-learning dealt with identifying factors explaining the constructs of quality, perceived value and satisfaction. But there is paucity of research pertaining to e-learning quality scale development and validation from the learner as well as faculty perspective. This study is an attempt to bridge this gap in the existing literature.

scholarly journals Scale Development to Measure Employer Engagement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1380-1406
Author(s):  
Samina Khan ◽  
Ulfat Abbas ◽  
Rao Arif Mahmood Khan ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Sheikh ◽  
Hanzla Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Organizational Practices ◽  
Corporate World ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Employer Engagement

Employer engagement, in existing literature, mostly refers to the engagement of the educational institutions in the corporate world; to benchmark their curricula and syllabi in-line with the employers' needs. This study has focused on the same construct with different relation; typically in the context of work-based learning providers and organizational practices. Although there has been theoretical discussions and calls to develop comprehensive measures for employer engagement, however, no contemporary measure for employer engagement exist to the context this study was carried out. The scope of this study covers the development of a new scale based on the guidelines to measure employer engagement specifically to the context of work based practices. The scale constitutes of 19 items that address, employer engagement based on 3 sub-dimensions. The scale was developed and validated through six phases beginning with the determination of valid dimensions / construct followed by generation of pool of items, assessing the content adequacy of the items and items refinement through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability and validity of the scale are also tested.

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