Call for a more balanced approach to understanding orbital frontal cortex function.

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-266
Author(s):  
Ege A. Yalcinbas ◽  
Christian Cazares ◽  
Christina M. Gremel
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
Balanced Approach

scholarly journals Neurological Soft Signs and Brain Network Abnormalities in Schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Kong ◽  
Christina J Herold ◽  
Eric F C Cheung ◽  
Raymond C K Chan ◽  
Johannes Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Neurological soft signs (NSS) are often found in patients with schizophrenia. A wealth of neuroimaging studies have reported that NSS are related to disturbed cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry in schizophrenia. However, the association between NSS and brain network abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia remains unclear. In this study, the graph theoretical approach was used to analyze brain network characteristics based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. NSS were assessed using the Heidelberg scale. We found that there was no significant difference in global network properties between individuals with high and low levels of NSS. Regional network analysis showed that NSS were associated with betweenness centrality involving the inferior orbital frontal cortex, the middle temporal cortex, the hippocampus, the supramarginal cortex, the amygdala, and the cerebellum. Global network analysis also demonstrated that NSS were associated with the distribution of network hubs involving the superior medial frontal cortex, the superior and middle temporal cortices, the postcentral cortex, the amygdala, and the cerebellum. Our findings suggest that NSS are associated with alterations in topological attributes of brain networks corresponding to the cortical-subcortical-cerebellum circuit in patients with schizophrenia, which may provide a new perspective for elucidating the neural basis of NSS in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Orbital frontal cortex in treatment-naïve pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank MacMaster ◽  
Anvi Vora ◽  
Phillip Easter ◽  
Carrie Rix ◽  
David Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Insula and Orbital Frontal Cortex Activity Underlying Emotion Interference Resolution in Working Memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2790-2803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Levens ◽  
Elizabeth A. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Interference Resolution ◽  
Emotional Interference ◽  
The Right

Previous research has shown that emotional information aids conflict resolution in working memory [WM; Levens, S. M., & Phelps, E. A. Emotion processing effects on interference resolution in working memory. Journal of Emotion, 8, 267–280, 2008]. Using a recency-probes WM paradigm, it was found that positive and negative emotional stimuli reduced the amount of interference created when information that was once relevant conflicted with currently relevant information. To explore the neural mechanisms behind these facilitation effects, an event-related fMRI version of the recency-probes task was conducted using neutral and arousing positive and negative words as stimuli. Results replicate previous findings showing that the left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is involved in the interference resolution of neutral information and reveal that the IFG is involved in the interference resolution of emotional information as well. In addition, ROIs in the right and left anterior insula and in the right orbital frontal cortex (OFC) were identified that appear to underlie emotional interference resolution in WM. We conclude that the IFG underlies neutral and emotional interference resolution, and that additional regions of the anterior insula and OFC may contribute to the facilitation of interference resolution for emotional information. These findings clarify the role of the insula and OFC in affective and executive processing, specifically in WM conflict resolution.

65. Decreased orbital frontal cortex volume in obsessive-compulsive disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. S20 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. Szeszko ◽  
D. Robinson ◽  
H. Wu ◽  
M. Ashtari ◽  
J. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder
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