scholarly journals Divide and conquer: How perceptual contrast sensitivity and perceptual learning cooperate in reducing input variation in speech perception.

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 710-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias J. Sjerps ◽  
Eva Reinisch
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Perceptual Contrast

Perceptual Learning beyond Philosophy of Mind

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Kevin Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Natural Kind ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Sensory Substitution ◽  
Multisensory Perception ◽  
Major Focus

The concluding chapter argues that perceptual learning has relevance for philosophy far beyond philosophy of mind—in epistemology, philosophy of science, and social philosophy, among other domains. The goal of this chapter is to extend one major focus of the book, which is to identify the scope of perceptual learning. Chapters 3 through 7 argued that perceptual learning occurs in all sorts of domains in the philosophy of mind, including natural kind recognition, sensory substitution, multisensory perception, speech perception, and color perception. This chapter extends that scope beyond philosophy of mind and offers some initial sketches of ways in which we can apply knowledge of perceptual learning to those domains.

scholarly journals Rapid Perceptual Learning: A Potential Source of Individual Differences in Speech Perception Under Adverse Conditions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 233121652093054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tali Rotman ◽  
Limor Lavie ◽  
Karen Banai
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Rapid Learning ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

Challenging listening situations (e.g., when speech is rapid or noisy) result in substantial individual differences in speech perception. We propose that rapid auditory perceptual learning is one of the factors contributing to those individual differences. To explore this proposal, we assessed rapid perceptual learning of time-compressed speech in young adults with normal hearing and in older adults with age-related hearing loss. We also assessed the contribution of this learning as well as that of hearing and cognition (vocabulary, working memory, and selective attention) to the recognition of natural-fast speech (NFS; both groups) and speech in noise (younger adults). In young adults, rapid learning and vocabulary were significant predictors of NFS and speech in noise recognition. In older adults, hearing thresholds, vocabulary, and rapid learning were significant predictors of NFS recognition. In both groups, models that included learning fitted the speech data better than models that did not include learning. Therefore, under adverse conditions, rapid learning may be one of the skills listeners could employ to support speech recognition.

scholarly journals Neuronal basis of perceptual learning in striate cortex

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Ren ◽  
Jiawei Zhou ◽  
Zhimo Yao ◽  
Zhengchun Wang ◽  
Nini Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Spatial Frequency ◽  
Sensitivity Training ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Adult Cats

Abstract It is well known that, in humans, contrast sensitivity training at high spatial frequency (SF) not only leads to contrast sensitivity improvement, but also results in an improvement in visual acuity as assessed with gratings (direct effect) or letters (transfer effect). However, the underlying neural mechanisms of this high spatial frequency training improvement remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined four properties of neurons in primary visual cortex (area 17) of adult cats that exhibited significantly improved acuity after contrast sensitivity training with a high spatial frequency grating and those of untrained control cats. We found no difference in neuronal contrast sensitivity or tuning width (Width) between the trained and untrained cats. However, the trained cats showed a displacement of the cells’ optimal spatial frequency (OSF) to higher spatial frequencies as well as a larger neuronal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Furthermore, both the neuronal differences in OSF and SNR were significantly correlated with the improvement of acuity measured behaviorally. These results suggest that striate neurons might mediate the perceptual learning-induced improvement for high spatial frequency stimuli by an alteration in their spatial frequency representation and by an increased SNR.

scholarly journals Speech Perception as a Talker-Contingent Process

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne C Nygaard ◽  
Mitchell S Sommers ◽  
David B Pisoni
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Vocal Source ◽  
Novel Words

To determine how familiarity with a talker's voice affects perception of spoken words, we trained two groups of subjects to recognize a set of voices over a 9-day period One group then identified novel words produced by the same set of talkers at four signal-to-noise ratios Control subjects identified the same words produced by a different set of talkers The results showed that the ability to identify a talker's voice improved intelligibility of novel words produced by that talker The results suggest that speech perception may involve talker-contingent processes whereby perceptual learning of aspects of the vocal source facilitates the subsequent phonetic analysis of the acoustic signal

scholarly journals Auditory Perceptual Learning for Speech Perception Can be Enhanced by Audiovisual Training

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne E. Bernstein ◽  
Edward T. Auer ◽  
Silvio P. Eberhardt ◽  
Jintao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Perceptual Learning

scholarly journals Age-Related Differential Transfer of Improved Contrast Sensitivity with Perceptual Learning

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1171-1171
Author(s):  
D. J. DeLoss ◽  
T. Watanabe ◽  
G. J. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Spatial Frequency Tuning and Transfer of Perceptual Learning for Motion Coherence Reflects the Tuning Properties of Global Motion Processing

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Asher ◽  
Vincenzo Romei ◽  
Paul Hibbard
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Global Motion ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Motion Coherence

Perceptual learning is typically highly specific to the stimuli and task used during training. However, recently, it has been shown that training on global motion can transfer to untrained tasks, reflecting the generalising properties of mechanisms at this level of processing. We investigated (i) if feedback was required for learning in a motion coherence task, (ii) the transfer across the spatial frequency of training on a global motion coherence task and (iii) the transfer of this training to a measure of contrast sensitivity. For our first experiment, two groups, with and without feedback, trained for ten days on a broadband motion coherence task. Results indicated that feedback was a requirement for robust learning. For the second experiment, training consisted of five days of direction discrimination using one of three motion coherence stimuli (where individual elements were comprised of either broadband Gaussian blobs or low- or high-frequency random-dot Gabor patches), with trial-by-trial auditory feedback. A pre- and post-training assessment was conducted for each of the three types of global motion coherence conditions and high and low spatial frequency contrast sensitivity (both without feedback). Our training paradigm was successful at eliciting improvement in the trained tasks over the five days. Post-training assessments found evidence of transfer for the motion coherence task exclusively for the group trained on low spatial frequency elements. For the contrast sensitivity tasks, improved performance was observed for low- and high-frequency stimuli, following motion coherence training with broadband stimuli, and for low-frequency stimuli, following low-frequency training. Our findings are consistent with perceptual learning, which depends on the global stage of motion processing in higher cortical areas, which is broadly tuned for spatial frequency, with a preference for low frequencies.

Lexically Driven Perceptual Learning in Speech Perception: Evidence From Noise-Vocoded Speech

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Davis ◽  
Karen Taylor ◽  
Carolyn Mcgettigan ◽  
Ingrid S. Johns-Rude
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Vocoded Speech
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