scholarly journals Age-Related Differential Transfer of Improved Contrast Sensitivity with Perceptual Learning

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1171-1171
Author(s):  
D. J. DeLoss ◽  
T. Watanabe ◽  
G. J. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Age Related

FUNCTIONAL METHODS OF EARLY DIAGNOSTICS OF AGE MACULAR DEGENERATION.(LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
Vol Special issue (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Azamat Yusupov ◽  
◽  
Mukhiddin Ziyoviddinov ◽  
Shavkat Mukhanov ◽  
O.O. Sobirov
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Functional Diagnostics ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Age Related

This article provides an unsystematic literature review devoted to analyzing the currently existing methods of functional diagnostics for age-related macular degeneration.The essence, advantages and disadvantages, and literature data on the use of such methods asphotostresstest, electrooculography, dark adaptation study, contrast sensitivity function assessment, light and color sensitivity study,electroretinographyand critical flicker fusion frequencyare described.Based on the analysis of literature data, itis shownthat currently, there is a need to searchfor informative and accessible methods of functional diagnostics in age-related macular degeneration, especially for its early diagnosis. The analysis has shown that the existing methods are mainly aimed either at fixing secondary morphological changes in the layer of pigment epithelial cells, at identifying the pathology of the pigment epithelium in conjunction with determining the function of photoreceptor elements, or at a comprehensive assessment of the structures of several layers of the retina. Keywords:age-related macular degeneration; methods of functional diagnostics; photostress test; electrooculography; contrast sensitivity

scholarly journals Rapid Perceptual Learning: A Potential Source of Individual Differences in Speech Perception Under Adverse Conditions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 233121652093054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tali Rotman ◽  
Limor Lavie ◽  
Karen Banai
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Rapid Learning ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

Challenging listening situations (e.g., when speech is rapid or noisy) result in substantial individual differences in speech perception. We propose that rapid auditory perceptual learning is one of the factors contributing to those individual differences. To explore this proposal, we assessed rapid perceptual learning of time-compressed speech in young adults with normal hearing and in older adults with age-related hearing loss. We also assessed the contribution of this learning as well as that of hearing and cognition (vocabulary, working memory, and selective attention) to the recognition of natural-fast speech (NFS; both groups) and speech in noise (younger adults). In young adults, rapid learning and vocabulary were significant predictors of NFS and speech in noise recognition. In older adults, hearing thresholds, vocabulary, and rapid learning were significant predictors of NFS recognition. In both groups, models that included learning fitted the speech data better than models that did not include learning. Therefore, under adverse conditions, rapid learning may be one of the skills listeners could employ to support speech recognition.

scholarly journals Neuronal basis of perceptual learning in striate cortex

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Ren ◽  
Jiawei Zhou ◽  
Zhimo Yao ◽  
Zhengchun Wang ◽  
Nini Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Spatial Frequency ◽  
Sensitivity Training ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Adult Cats

Abstract It is well known that, in humans, contrast sensitivity training at high spatial frequency (SF) not only leads to contrast sensitivity improvement, but also results in an improvement in visual acuity as assessed with gratings (direct effect) or letters (transfer effect). However, the underlying neural mechanisms of this high spatial frequency training improvement remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined four properties of neurons in primary visual cortex (area 17) of adult cats that exhibited significantly improved acuity after contrast sensitivity training with a high spatial frequency grating and those of untrained control cats. We found no difference in neuronal contrast sensitivity or tuning width (Width) between the trained and untrained cats. However, the trained cats showed a displacement of the cells’ optimal spatial frequency (OSF) to higher spatial frequencies as well as a larger neuronal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Furthermore, both the neuronal differences in OSF and SNR were significantly correlated with the improvement of acuity measured behaviorally. These results suggest that striate neurons might mediate the perceptual learning-induced improvement for high spatial frequency stimuli by an alteration in their spatial frequency representation and by an increased SNR.

scholarly journals Multifocal intraocular lenses and retinal diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 258 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Grzybowski ◽  
Piotr Kanclerz ◽  
Raimo Tuuminen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Epiretinal Membranes ◽  
Multifocal Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Purpose Multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs) are often discouraged in patients with or at risk of retinal disorders (including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and epiretinal membranes), as MIOLs are believed to reduce contrast sensitivity (CS). Concerns with MIOLs have also been raised in individuals with visual field defects, fixation instability or eccentric preferred retinal locations. The aim of this study is to review the influence of MIOL on quality of vision in patients with retinal diseases. Methods We reviewed the PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies using the following keywords: multifocal intraocular lens, cataract surgery, cataract extraction, lens exchange, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and contrast sensitivity. Results Studies evaluating CS in MIOLs present conflicting results: MIOLs either did not influence CS or resulted in worse performance under low-illuminance conditions and higher spatial frequencies when compared to monofocal IOLs. Nevertheless, MIOLs preserved CS levels within the age-matched normal range. Two studies reported that patients with concurrent retinal diseases receiving a MIOL, both unilaterally and bilaterally, reported a significant improvement in visual-related outcomes. Individuals with a monofocal IOL in one eye and a MIOL in the fellow eye reported greater subjective satisfaction with the MIOL. Conclusion We were unable to find evidence suggesting that patients with retinal diseases should be advised against MIOLs. Nevertheless, more research is needed to address the aforementioned concerns and to optimize the use of MIOLs in eyes with retinal disease.

EVALUATING CONTRAST SENSITIVITY IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION USING A NOVEL COMPUTER-BASED TEST, THE SPAETH/RICHMAN CONTRAST SENSITIVITY TEST

Retina ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno M. Faria ◽  
Fulya Duman ◽  
Cindy X. Zheng ◽  
Michael Waisbourd ◽  
Lalita Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Computer Based

scholarly journals Auditory Perceptual Learning in Adults with and without Age-Related Hearing Loss

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanin Karawani ◽  
Tali Bitan ◽  
Joseph Attias ◽  
Karen Banai
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

Age-related changes of defocus-specific contrast sensitivity in healthy subjects

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Nio ◽  
N. M. Jansonius ◽  
V. Fidler ◽  
E. Geraghty ◽  
S. Norrby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes
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