scholarly journals Structural coherence and temporal stability of psychopathic personality features during emerging adulthood.

2014 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel W. Hawes ◽  
Edward P. Mulvey ◽  
Carol A. Schubert ◽  
Dustin A. Pardini
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Structural Coherence ◽  
Personality Features

Psychophysiological Reactivity Profiles of Partner-Violent Men With Borderline or Psychopathic Personality Features: The Role of Empathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 3337-3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Armenti ◽  
Julia C. Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Heart Rate Reactivity ◽  
Psychophysiological Reactivity ◽  
Violent Men ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
Partner Violent Men

Borderline and psychopathic features have been linked to unique psychophysiological reactivity profiles. Studies have suggested that levels of psychophysiological reactivity for partner-violent men cannot be attributed to personality features alone. This study tested cognitive and affective empathy as moderators of relations between borderline personality, Factor 1 psychopathy, and psychophysiological reactivity using a community sample of 135 male participants and their female partners. Cognitive empathy moderated the relation between borderline personality features and heart rate reactivity. Affective empathy moderated the relation between Factor 1 psychopathy features and heart rate reactivity. However, directions of these interactions were contrary to original predictions. Understanding unique empathy deficits may be beneficial for identifying ways to minimize relationship conflict, manage arousal, and decrease violence.

Grandparents’ Relationship to Grandchildren in the Transition to Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1885-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wetzel ◽  
Karsten Hank
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Parent Contact

This study investigates grandparent–grandchild relations in emerging adulthood, focusing on grandchildren’s transition to residential independence and the role of parents as mediators. Using three waves of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS), we estimate fixed effects models to assess changes in the frequency of contact and emotional closeness of 349 grandparents with 494 grandchildren aged 16 to 30 years. Grandparent–grandchild contact decreases during the transition to adulthood due to the middle generation’s declining ability to provide opportunities for intergenerational interaction as well as grandchildren’s new responsibilities after leaving the parental home. Grandparent–grandchild closeness does not change systematically in emerging adulthood, but is characterized by a high degree of temporal stability and independence of grandparent–parent contact frequency. Thus, even if contact decreases during the transition to adulthood, a continuously close emotional bond allows grandparents and grandchildren to (re)activate the support potential inherent to their relationship in times of need.

scholarly journals Why are Psychopaths Difficult to Treat? Testing the Two-Component Model for the Treatment of PCL Psychopaths

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tadhg E. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Treatment Programme ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Personality Features

<p>Psychopathic personality disorder as conceptualised by the family of scales referred to as the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL), is often cited as a specific responsivity characteristic that will interfere with an otherwise effective treatment programme. However, most research on the treatment of prisoners high on PCL psychopathy asks whether or not they are treatable as opposed to why they are difficult to treat. The Two-Component model (2-C; Wong & Olver, 2015) for the treatment of PCL psychopaths proposes that treatment difficulties observed for those high on PCL psychopathy are primarily caused by the interpersonal and affective personality features of psychopathy represented by PCL Factor 1 (F1). Thus the 2-C model suggests that therapists work around the emotional deficits and disruptive behaviours associated with PCL F1 to focus on changing risk-relevant behaviours that are associated with PCL Factor 2 (F2). In this thesis, we test the assumptions of the 2-C model with a group of high-risk violent men who attended an intensive violence treatment programme and were assessed with a PCL instrument. Specifically, we examined whether the personality features of PCL psychopathy led to more treatment difficulties than the behavioural features by exploring relationships between the factors/facets of the PCL and treatment completion, reconviction, change on dynamic risk, the therapeutic alliance and behaviour during treatment.  In support of the 2-C model we found that PCL:SV Part 1 and its underlying facets were significantly associated with higher rates of removal from treatment, a poorer therapeutic alliance, and lower levels of emotional and performance based behaviours during treatment. Mediation analyses also revealed that the relationships between PCL:SV Part 1 variables and removal were partly explained by lower levels of emotional and performance based behaviours. Also in support of the 2-C model, we found that PCL:SV Part 2 and its underlying facets demonstrated stronger, significant associations with pre-treatment dynamic risk and post-treatment reconvictions when compared with PCL:SV Part 1 variables. Furthermore, poorer performance based behaviours during treatment mediated relationships between PCL:SV Part 2 variables and reconviction outcomes. Several of our findings however, also failed to support or contradicted assumptions of the 2-C model. All these findings are discussed in relation to their implications for the 2-C model, psychopathy treatment research, specific responsivity, the structure of PCL psychopathy, and the utility of the PCL in forensic and legal settings.</p>

Psychopathic personality features and risks for criminal justice system involvement among emancipating foster youth

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Vaughn ◽  
Christine Litschge ◽  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
Kevin M. Beaver ◽  
Curtis J. McMillen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Foster Youth ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Personality Features

Childhood Trauma and Psychopathic Features Among Juvenile Offenders

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (14) ◽  
pp. 4359-4380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne S. J. Farina ◽  
Katherine J. Holzer ◽  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
Michael G. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Personality Features

Despite growing interest in psychopathic personality features in juvenile offenders, few studies have examined the relationship between childhood trauma and psychopathy. The present study utilized two datasets: 253 adolescents in a residential facility for juvenile offenders in Pennsylvania and 723 institutionalized delinquents in Missouri. Zero-order correlations and linear regression techniques were employed for boys and girls to examine the relationships between trauma, assessed using the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument Version 2 (MAYSI-2) Traumatic Experiences Scale and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and psychopathy as measured by the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) and the Psychopathic Personality Inventory–Short Form (PPI-SF). Results indicate that psychopathy is significantly correlated with childhood trauma. For the Missouri data, trauma significantly predicted psychopathy scores for both boys and girls. These results suggest that nuanced understanding of traumatic history of these adolescents may not only be a pathway to psychopathy but also a critical part of their overall assessment and treatment plan.

scholarly journals Potential effects of severe bilateral amygdala damage on psychopathic personality features: A case report.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott O. Lilienfeld ◽  
Katheryn C. Sauvigné ◽  
Justin Reber ◽  
Ashley L. Watts ◽  
Stephan Hamann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Personality Features

scholarly journals Daily emotional stress reactivity in emerging adulthood: temporal stability and its predictors

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryhope Howland ◽  
Stephen Armeli ◽  
Richard Feinn ◽  
Howard Tennen
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Temporal Stability

scholarly journals Why are Psychopaths Difficult to Treat? Testing the Two-Component Model for the Treatment of PCL Psychopaths

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tadhg E. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Treatment Programme ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Personality Features

<p>Psychopathic personality disorder as conceptualised by the family of scales referred to as the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL), is often cited as a specific responsivity characteristic that will interfere with an otherwise effective treatment programme. However, most research on the treatment of prisoners high on PCL psychopathy asks whether or not they are treatable as opposed to why they are difficult to treat. The Two-Component model (2-C; Wong & Olver, 2015) for the treatment of PCL psychopaths proposes that treatment difficulties observed for those high on PCL psychopathy are primarily caused by the interpersonal and affective personality features of psychopathy represented by PCL Factor 1 (F1). Thus the 2-C model suggests that therapists work around the emotional deficits and disruptive behaviours associated with PCL F1 to focus on changing risk-relevant behaviours that are associated with PCL Factor 2 (F2). In this thesis, we test the assumptions of the 2-C model with a group of high-risk violent men who attended an intensive violence treatment programme and were assessed with a PCL instrument. Specifically, we examined whether the personality features of PCL psychopathy led to more treatment difficulties than the behavioural features by exploring relationships between the factors/facets of the PCL and treatment completion, reconviction, change on dynamic risk, the therapeutic alliance and behaviour during treatment.  In support of the 2-C model we found that PCL:SV Part 1 and its underlying facets were significantly associated with higher rates of removal from treatment, a poorer therapeutic alliance, and lower levels of emotional and performance based behaviours during treatment. Mediation analyses also revealed that the relationships between PCL:SV Part 1 variables and removal were partly explained by lower levels of emotional and performance based behaviours. Also in support of the 2-C model, we found that PCL:SV Part 2 and its underlying facets demonstrated stronger, significant associations with pre-treatment dynamic risk and post-treatment reconvictions when compared with PCL:SV Part 1 variables. Furthermore, poorer performance based behaviours during treatment mediated relationships between PCL:SV Part 2 variables and reconviction outcomes. Several of our findings however, also failed to support or contradicted assumptions of the 2-C model. All these findings are discussed in relation to their implications for the 2-C model, psychopathy treatment research, specific responsivity, the structure of PCL psychopathy, and the utility of the PCL in forensic and legal settings.</p>

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