The role of odors and ultrasonic vocalizations in female rat (Rattus norvegicus) partner choice.

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelke M. S. Snoeren ◽  
Anders Ågmo
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Female Rat

POSSIBLE ROLE OF 5α-ANDROSTANE-3α,17β-DIOL IN THE CONTROL OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE SECRETION IN THE IMMATURE FEMALE RAT

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. A. MEIJS-ROELOFS ◽  
P. KRAMER ◽  
L. GRIBLING-HEGGE
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Rat Strain ◽  
Intact Rats

A possible role of 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (3α-androstanediol) in the control of FSH secretion was studied at various ages in ovariectomized rats. In the rat strain used, vaginal opening, coincident with first ovulation, generally occurs between 37 and 42 days of age. If 3α-androstanediol alone was given as an ovarian substitute, an inhibitory effect on FSH release was evident with all three doses tested (50, 100, 300 μg/100 g body wt) between 13 and 30 days of age; at 33–35 days of age only the 300 μg dose caused some inhibition of FSH release. Results were more complex if 3α-androstanediol was given in combined treatment with oestradiol and progesterone. Given with progesterone, 3α-androstanediol showed a synergistic inhibitory action on FSH release between 20 and 30 days of age. However, when 3α-androstanediol was combined with oestradiol a clear decrease in effect, as compared to the effect of oestradiol alone, was found between 20 and 30 days of age. Also the effect of combined oestradiol and progesterone treatment was greater than the effect of combined treatment with oestradiol, progesterone and 3α-androstanediol. At all ages after day 20 none of the steroid combinations tested was capable of maintaining FSH levels in ovariectomized rats similar to those in intact rats. It is concluded that 3α-androstanediol might play a role in the control of FSH secretion in the immature rat, but after day 20 the potentially inhibitory action of 3α-androstanediol on FSH secretion is limited in the presence of oestradiol.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Checkpoint Genes MEC1, RAD17 and RAD24 Are Required for Normal Meiotic Recombination Partner Choice

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy M Grushcow ◽  
Teresa M Holzen ◽  
Ken J Park ◽  
Ted Weinert ◽  
Michael Lichten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Mitotic Checkpoint ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Spore Viability ◽  
Checkpoint Signaling ◽  
Ectopic Recombination ◽  
Meiotic Progression ◽  
Checkpoint Genes

Abstract Checkpoint gene function prevents meiotic progression when recombination is blocked by mutations in the recA homologue DMC1. Bypass of dmc1 arrest by mutation of the DNA damage checkpoint genes MEC1, RAD17, or RAD24 results in a dramatic loss of spore viability, suggesting that these genes play an important role in monitoring the progression of recombination. We show here that the role of mitotic checkpoint genes in meiosis is not limited to maintaining arrest in abnormal meioses; mec1-1, rad24, and rad17 single mutants have additional meiotic defects. All three mutants display Zip1 polycomplexes in two- to threefold more nuclei than observed in wild-type controls, suggesting that synapsis may be aberrant. Additionally, all three mutants exhibit elevated levels of ectopic recombination in a novel physical assay. rad17 mutants also alter the fraction of recombination events that are accompanied by an exchange of flanking markers. Crossovers are associated with up to 90% of recombination events for one pair of alleles in rad17, as compared with 65% in wild type. Meiotic progression is not required to allow ectopic recombination in rad17 mutants, as it still occurs at elevated levels in ndt80 mutants that arrest in prophase regardless of checkpoint signaling. These observations support the suggestion that MEC1, RAD17, and RAD24, in addition to their proposed monitoring function, act to promote normal meiotic recombination.

Ultrasonic vocalizations of rats (Rattus norvegicus) during mating, play, and aggression: Behavioral concomitants, relationship to reward, and self-administration of playback..

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Burgdorf ◽  
Roger A. Kroes ◽  
Joseph R. Moskal ◽  
James G. Pfaus ◽  
Stefan M. Brudzynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Self Administration

Abstract P040: Role of 20-HETE in Elevated Blood Pressure in Hyperandrogenemic Female Rats, a Model of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan N Patil ◽  
Carolina Dalmasso ◽  
Rodrigo O Maranon ◽  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Richard J Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Reproductive Disorder ◽  
Consomic Strain

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive disorder in premenopausal women, is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, metabolic syndrome and inflammation. They also exhibit elevated blood pressure (BP) but may not be treated since they do not meet the criteria for hypertension (BP>130/90 mm Hg). We have characterized a female rat model of hyperandrogenemia (HAF) using dihydrotestosterone (DHT) that mimics many characteristics of women with PCOS. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that androgen-induced upregulation of the cytochrome P450 4A2 isoform (CYP4A2) and the formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in renal microvasculature contributes to the elevated BP in HAF rats. Female rats of SS.5BN consomic strain (wild type) rats and CYP4A2-/- rats on this same background were implanted with DHT (7.5mg/90d) or placebo pellets (n=5-8/grp) beginning at 6 wks of age; pellets were changed every 85 d. At 14 wks of age, rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured for 10 days. Endogenous 20-HETE levels were measured using LC-MS in renal microvessels isolated using an Evans Blue sieving technique. DHT-treated HAF-SS.5BN rats had significantly higher MAP compared to placebo-SS.5BN (128±6 vs. 104±1 mmHg, p<0.004). In contrast, HAF-CYP4A2-/- rats had no change in MAP compared to placebo-CYP4A2-/- controls (120±4 vs 118±3 mmHg, p=NS). Endogenous 20-HETE levels in renal microvessels of HAF-SS.5BN rats were significantly increased compared to Placebo-SS.5BN (2.27±0.91 vs. 0.32±0.037 pmol/mg, p<0.01). The 20-HETE levels were lower in CYP4A2-/- than SS.5BN but DHT in HAF-CYP4A2-/- had no effect on 20-HETE levels compared to Placebo- CYP4A2-/-. These results suggest that androgen-mediated upregulation of the expression of CYP4A2 and the production of 20-HETE in renal microvessels contribute to elevated BP in HAF rats. These data also suggest that methods to attenuate 20-HETE may provide a novel therapeutic to reduce BP in women with PCOS. Work supported by NIH RO1HL66072 and PO1HL51971.

scholarly journals Aspectos sobre a decisão de canais no pequeno varejo: a escolha entre o atacado e o atacarejo

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Huang Wen Hsien ◽  
Matheus Alberto Cônsoli ◽  
Antonio Carlos Giuliani
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factors ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

This article talks about purchase decision from small and medium retailers from Piracicaba Region, São Paulo State. The bibliographic and field research showed the main influence factors and decision criteria of small retailers for purchase, related to the choice between the traditional wholesale and the wholesale and retail outlet, which is a type of store that allows the wholesaler sales to sell to small or medium-sized retailers and for end consumers who are looking for the best price. The topics treated are the distribution channels, types of agents, the role of each one and the retailers' decision of purchasing. The exploratory research was applied to small and medium-sized retailers from Piracicaba Region, Sao Paulo State Countryside. From the eight case studies it was possible to identify the aspects considered relevant for retailers in the purchase decision and partner choice. Retailers were expressed by five attributes considered the most relevant, they are: convenience, variety, price, reliability and quantity.

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