Executive control modulates cross-language lexical activation during L2 reading: Evidence from eye movements.

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Pivneva ◽  
Julie Mercier ◽  
Debra Titone
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
L2 Reading ◽  
Lexical Activation ◽  
Cross Language

scholarly journals Cross-language activation and executive control modulate within-language ambiguity resolution: Evidence from eye movements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Palma ◽  
Veronica Whitford ◽  
Debra Titone
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Ambiguity Resolution ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Language Activation ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Multiple Languages

An important question within psycholinguistics is how knowledge of multiple languages impacts the co-activation of word forms and meanings during language comprehension. To the extent that a bilingual’s known languages are always partially active, as predicted by models such as BIA+ (Dijkstra & Van Heuven, 2002), cross-language activation should influence which meanings are accessed and in which order. Here, we monitored the eye movements of 48 French-English and 40 English-French bilingual adults as they read within-language homonyms embedded in more or less semantically constraining English sentences. The within-language homonyms were either cognate homonyms, whose subordinate meanings were also French cognates (e.g., sage, ‘herb’ or, less frequently, ‘wise man’ in English and, also, ‘wise man’ in French), or uniquely English (e.g., chest). French-English bilinguals processed cognate homonyms with subordinate meanings more quickly than uniquely English homonyms with subordinate meanings, and individual differences in executive control capacity modulated their processing of uniquely English homonyms only. In contrast, English-French bilinguals processed all within-language homonyms similarly, regardless of cognate status and executive control capacity. Our findings suggest that cross-language activation impacts within-language ambiguity resolution by changing the relative dominance of the meanings associated with a word form, and that cross-language activation varies as a function of the language tested (L1 or L2).

Cross-language mediated priming: Effects of context and lexical relationship

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA I. SCHWARTZ ◽  
ANA B. ARÊAS DA LUZ FONTES
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Context ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Word Condition ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Lexical Activation ◽  
Word Context ◽  
Mediated Priming ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Target Words

We examined how linguistic context influences the nature of bilingual lexical activation. We hypothesized that in single-word context, form-related words would receive the strongest activation while, in sentence context, semantically related words would receive the strongest activation. Spanish–English bilinguals performed a semantic verification task on English target words preceded by a prime. On critical trials, the prime and target words were paired based either on a form-mediated relationship through the native language (L1), [e.g., bark (barco): BOAT] (Experiment 1) or on a semantically-mediated relationship [e.g., boat (barco): BARK] (Experiment 2). The prime word was presented either in isolation or after a sentence context. In Experiment 1 interference was observed in the single word condition only. In Experiment 2 interference was observed in both single-word and sentence contexts. The findings demonstrate that the context in which words are embedded has an impact on the type of lexical competitors that become active.

Individual differences in inhibitory control relate to bilingual spoken word processing

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIE MERCIER ◽  
IRINA PIVNEVA ◽  
DEBRA TITONE
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Language Competition ◽  
Spoken Word Processing ◽  
Cross Language

We investigated whether individual differences in inhibitory control relate to bilingual spoken word recognition. While their eye movements were monitored, native English and native French English–French bilinguals listened to English words (e.g., field) and looked at pictures corresponding to the target, a within-language competitor (feet), a French cross-language competitor (fille “girl”), or both, and unrelated filler pictures. We derived cognitive and oculomotor inhibitory control measures from a battery of inhibitory control tasks. Increased cognitive inhibitory control was linked to less within-language competition for all bilinguals, and less cross-language competition for native French low-English-exposure bilinguals. Increased oculomotor inhibitory control was linked to less within-language competition for all native French bilinguals, and less cross-language competition for native French low-English-exposure bilinguals. The results extend previous findings (Blumenfeld & Marian, 2011), and suggest that individual differences in inhibitory control relate to bilingual spoken word processing.

scholarly journals Changes in Effective Connectivity of the Superior Parietal Lobe during Inhibition and Redirection of Eye Movements

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. JEN.S32736
Author(s):  
Susanne J. Asscheman ◽  
Katharine N. Thakkar ◽  
Sebastiaan F.W. Neggers
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Saccade Control

Executive control is the ability to flexibly control behavior and is frequently studied with saccadic eye movements. Contrary to frontal oculomotor areas, the role of the superior parietal lobe (SPL) in the executive control of saccades remains unknown. To explore the role of SPL networks in saccade control, we performed a saccadic search-step task while acquiring functional magnetic resonance imaging data for 41 participants. Psychophysiological interaction analyses assessed task-related differences in the effective connectivity of SPL with other brain regions during the inhibition and redirection of saccades. Results indicate an increased coupling of SPL with frontal, posterior, and striatal oculomotor areas for redirected saccades versus visually guided saccades. Saccade inhibition versus unsuccessful inhibition revealed an increased coupling of SPL with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. We discuss how these findings relate to ongoing debates about the implementation of executive control and conclude that early attentional control and rapid updating of saccade goals are important signals for executive control.

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