The effects of subjective time pressure and individual differences on hypotheses generation and action prioritization in police investigations.

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Alison ◽  
Bernadette Doran ◽  
Matthew L. Long ◽  
Nicola Power ◽  
Amy Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Police Investigations ◽  
Hypotheses Generation

scholarly journals I think, therefore I forgive: The role of reasoning in forgiving accidental harms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajeet Patil ◽  
Bastien Trémolière
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Moral Condemnation

People experience a strong conflict while condemning someone who brought about an accidental harm, her innocent intention exonerating her, but the harmful outcome incriminating her. In the present research (total N = 4879), we explore how reasoning ability and cognitive style relate to how people choose to resolve this conflict and judge the accidental harms. A first set of studies (1a-c) showed that individual differences in cognitive style predicted severity of judgments in fictitious accidental harms scenarios, with more able (or willing) reasoners being less harsh in their judgments. A second set of studies (2a-c) relied on experimental manipulations of cognitive load (Dot matrix, Time pressure, Mortality Salience manipulations), aiming to tax available cognitive resources to participants while evaluating third-party harmful behaviors. These manipulations, however, failed to modulate people’s moral judgments for accidental harms. We discuss the importance of individual differences in reasoning ability in the assessment of accidental harms, and we also propose potential explanations for the failure of our experimental manipulations to affect severity of moral condemnation.

Method for Measuring the Rate of Subjective Time

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1235-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. McGrath ◽  
James F. O'Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Standard Interval

A method was developed for measuring rate of subjective time ( RST). Subjective time ( T) was recorded in subjects making a series of contiguous estimations of a standard interval of time. The results showed that T generally increased as a linear function of real time ( t). RST was measured by describing T as a linear function of t and by differentiating that function in respect to t. Individual differences in RST were large and stable within a test session. The differences were reliable from one session to the next. Within the range studied (1 to 10 min.) the duration of the standard interval had no systematic effect upon RSTs. And, RSTs were related in the appropriate direction to traditional measures of time perception. It was concluded that the RST is a useful measure for research on time perception.

scholarly journals New Telework, Time Pressure, and Time Use Control in Everyday Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Thulin ◽  
Bertil Vilhelmson ◽  
Martina Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time

This study explores how changing conditions for home-based telework affect the quality of life and social sustainability of workers in terms of time pressure and time use control in everyday life. Changing conditions concern the spread of telework to new types of jobs of a more routine character, involving new practices of unregulated work and anytime smartphone access. Empirically, we draw on survey data from a sample of 456 home-based teleworkers employed by six governmental agencies in Sweden. Results indicate that subjective time pressure is not associated with job type in terms of distinguishing between bounded case work and more independent analytical work. Time pressure is intensified by family-related factors, telework performed outside of working hours, and part-time work, and is moderated by the private use of smartphones. We find no significant associations between subjective time use control, job qualifications, and teleworking practice. Family situation and having small children at home reduce time use control. Also, high levels of smartphone use for work-related purposes are associated with reduced control.

scholarly journals The Specificity of the Cognitive Representations of Time in Elderly

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-115
Author(s):  
A.I. Melehin ◽  
Z.A. Kireeva
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Time Representation ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Entire Picture ◽  
Representation Of Time

The article is devoted to research features of verbal and nonverbal cognitive representations of time as a component of the cognitive model of time perception in elderly and senile age. The basis of the relationship to time is a cognitive model of time perception, consisting of the cognitive representation of time. Cognitive model of time involved in the process of shaping a person's entire picture of the world and understanding their place in it. The results of the study allow us to describe the specifics of the knowing and experiencing of time. Representation of time in elderly and senile are characterized by the description of the time through the prism of the life, units of measuring time, as well as metaphorical images describing the properties and rate of flow of time. Time, in later ages represented as a finite resource that is accompanied by a feeling of scarcity, time pressure and accelerated subjective time.

scholarly journals A multi-methodological approach to studying time-pressure in written translation: Manipulation and measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Weng ◽  
Binghan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Translation Research ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
Psychometric Instruments ◽  
Skin Response

The effect of time pressure on task performance of written translation has been researched since the 1990s. However, little attention has been paid to the methodological issues of manipulating and measuring time pressure in these empirical studies. To bridge this gap, we propose a methodological framework involving diverse approaches to time-pressure manipulation and measurement. Specifically, in addition to objectively constraining the time frame for a task, we present three subjective time-pressure manipulation strategies: giving pre-task instructions about time, increasing participants’ intrinsic motivation for the task, and visualizing the elapse of time. Meanwhile, a range of feasible methods of time-pressure measurement is structured from the physiological, psychological and behavioural perspectives. This includes physiological measures such as galvanic skin response, heart rate, blood pressure, pupil dilation and salivary cortisol test, psychological measures such as psychometric instruments and retrospective questionnaires, and behavioural measures such as eye movements and keystroke activities. Based on a thorough survey of existing studies and the merits borrowed from neighbouring disciplines, this article aims to strengthen and enrich the methodology of time-pressure studies and benefit future translation research on relevant topics.

Individual differences in the scope of speech planning: evidence from eye-movements

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN SWETS ◽  
MATTHEW E. JACOVINA ◽  
RICHARD J. GERRIG
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Speech Planning ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Initial Object

abstractPrevious research has demonstrated that the scope of speakers’ planning in language production varies in response to external forces such as time pressure. This susceptibility to external pressures indicates a flexibly incremental production system: speakers plan utterances piece by piece, but external pressures affect the size of the pieces speakers buffer. In the current study, we explore internal constraints on speech planning. Specifically, we examine whether individual differences in working memory predict the scope and efficiency of advance planning. In our task, speakers described picture arrays to partners in a matching game. The arrays sometimes required speakers to note a contrast between a sentence-initial object (e.g., a four-legged cat) and a sentence-final object (e.g., a three-legged cat). Based on prior screening, we selected participants who differed on verbal working memory span. Eye-movement measures revealed that high-span speakers were more likely to gaze at the contrasting pictures prior to articulation than were low-span speakers. As a result, high-span speakers were also more likely to reference the contrast early in speech. We conclude that working memory plays a substantial role in the flexibility of incremental speech planning.

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