scholarly journals Developing a method for specifying the components of behavior change interventions in practice: The example of smoking cessation.

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Lorencatto ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Natalie Seymour ◽  
Susan Michie
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Components Of Behavior

scholarly journals Mining Electronic Health Records to Promote the Reach of Digital Interventions for Cancer Prevention Through Proactive Electronic Outreach: Protocol for the Mixed Methods OptiMine Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S Amato ◽  
Sherine El-Toukhy ◽  
Lorien C Abroms ◽  
Henry Goodfellow ◽  
Alex T Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Message System

BACKGROUND Digital behavior change interventions have demonstrated effectiveness for smoking cessation and reducing alcohol intake, which ultimately reduce cancer risk. Leveraging electronic health records (EHR) to identify at-risk patients and increasing the reach of digital interventions through proactive electronic outreach provide a novel approach that may increase the number of individuals who engage with evidence-based treatment. OBJECTIVE This study aims to increase the reach of digital behavior change interventions by implementing a proactive electronic message system for smoking cessation and alcohol reduction among a large, at-risk population identified through an acute hospital EHR. METHODS This protocol describes a 3-phase, mixed-methods implementation study to assess the acceptability, feasibility, and reach of a proactive electronic message system to digital interventions using a hospital’s EHR system to identify eligible patients. In Phase 1, we will conduct focus group discussions with patients and hospital staff to assess the overall acceptability of the electronic message system. In Phase 2, we will conduct a descriptive analysis of the patient population in the hospital EHR regarding target risk behaviors and other person-level characteristics to determine the project’s feasibility and potential reach. In Phase 3, we will send proactive messages to patients identified as smokers or risky drinkers. Messages will encourage and provide access to behavior change mobile apps via an embedded link; the primary outcome will be the proportion of participants who click on the link to access information about the apps. RESULTS At the time of initial protocol submission, data collection was complete, but analysis had not begun. This study was funded by Cancer Research UK from April 2019 to March 2020. Health Research Authority approval was granted in June 2019. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the reach of digital behavior change interventions can improve population health by reducing the burden of preventable death and disease. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/23669

scholarly journals Identifying contexts and mechanisms in multiple behavior change interventions affecting smoking cessation success: A rapid realist review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Minian ◽  
Tricia Corrin ◽  
Mathangee Lingam ◽  
Wayne K deRuiter ◽  
Terri Rodak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multiple Health ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

Abstract Background: Smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable chronic disease-related morbidity and mortality, excess healthcare expenditure, and lost work productivity. Tobacco users are disproportionately more likely to be engaging in other modifiable risk behaviours such as excess alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and poor diet. While hundreds of interventions addressing the clustering of smoking and other modifiable risk behaviours have been conducted worldwide, there is insufficient information available about the context and mechanisms in these interventions that promote successful smoking cessation. The aim of this rapid realist review was to identify possible contexts and mechanisms used in multiple health behaviour change interventions (targeting tobacco and two or more additional risk behaviours) that are associated with improving smoking cessation outcome.Methods: This realist review method incorporated the following steps: (1) clarifying the scope, (2) searching for relevant evidence, (3) relevance confirmation, data extraction, and quality assessment, (4) data analysis and synthesis.Results: Of the 20,423 articles screened, 138 articles were included in this realist review. Following Michie et al.’s behavior change model (the COM-B model), capability, opportunity, and motivation were used to identify the mechanisms of behaviour change. Universally, increasing opportunities (i.e. factors that lie outside the individual that prompt the behaviour or make it possible) for participants to engage in healthy behaviours was associated with smoking cessation success. However, increasing participant’s capability or motivation to make a behaviour change was only successful within certain contexts. Conclusion: In order to address multiple health behaviours and assist individuals in quitting smoking, public health promotion interventions need to shift away from ‘individualistic epidemiology’ and invest resources into modifying factors that are external from the individual (i.e. creating a supportive environment).Study registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017064430

scholarly journals Identifying contexts and mechanisms in multiple behavior change interventions affecting smoking cessation success: A rapid realist review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Minian ◽  
Tricia Corrin ◽  
Mathangee Lingam ◽  
Wayne K deRuiter ◽  
Terri Rodak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multiple Health ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

Abstract Background: Smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable chronic disease-related morbidity and mortality, excess healthcare expenditure, and lost work productivity. Tobacco users are disproportionately more likely to be engaging in other modifiable risk behaviours such as excess alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and poor diet. While hundreds of interventions addressing the clustering of smoking and other modifiable risk behaviours have been conducted worldwide, there is insufficient information available about the context and mechanisms in these interventions that promote successful smoking cessation. The aim of this rapid realist review was to identify possible contexts and mechanisms used in multiple health behaviour change interventions (targeting tobacco and two or more additional risk behaviours) that are associated with improving smoking cessation outcome.Methods: This realist review method incorporated the following steps: (1) clarifying the scope, (2) searching for relevant evidence, (3) relevance confirmation, data extraction, and quality assessment, (4) data analysis and synthesis.Results: Of the 20,423 articles screened, 138 articles were included in this realist review. Following Michie et al.’s behavior change model (the COM-B model), capability, opportunity, and motivation were used to identify the mechanisms of behaviour change. Universally, increasing opportunities (i.e. factors that lie outside the individual that prompt the behaviour or make it possible) for participants to engage in healthy behaviours was associated with smoking cessation success. However, increasing participant’s capability or motivation to make a behaviour change was only successful within certain contexts. Conclusion: In order to address multiple health behaviours and assist individuals in quitting smoking, public health promotion interventions need to shift away from ‘individualistic epidemiology’ and invest resources into modifying factors that are external from the individual (i.e. creating a supportive environment).Study registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017064430

scholarly journals Mining Electronic Health Records to Promote the Reach of Digital Interventions for Cancer Prevention Through Proactive Electronic Outreach: Protocol for the Mixed Methods OptiMine Study

10.2196/23669 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e23669
Author(s):  
Michael S Amato ◽  
Sherine El-Toukhy ◽  
Lorien C Abroms ◽  
Henry Goodfellow ◽  
Alex T Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Message System

Background Digital behavior change interventions have demonstrated effectiveness for smoking cessation and reducing alcohol intake, which ultimately reduce cancer risk. Leveraging electronic health records (EHR) to identify at-risk patients and increasing the reach of digital interventions through proactive electronic outreach provide a novel approach that may increase the number of individuals who engage with evidence-based treatment. Objective This study aims to increase the reach of digital behavior change interventions by implementing a proactive electronic message system for smoking cessation and alcohol reduction among a large, at-risk population identified through an acute hospital EHR. Methods This protocol describes a 3-phase, mixed-methods implementation study to assess the acceptability, feasibility, and reach of a proactive electronic message system to digital interventions using a hospital’s EHR system to identify eligible patients. In Phase 1, we will conduct focus group discussions with patients and hospital staff to assess the overall acceptability of the electronic message system. In Phase 2, we will conduct a descriptive analysis of the patient population in the hospital EHR regarding target risk behaviors and other person-level characteristics to determine the project’s feasibility and potential reach. In Phase 3, we will send proactive messages to patients identified as smokers or risky drinkers. Messages will encourage and provide access to behavior change mobile apps via an embedded link; the primary outcome will be the proportion of participants who click on the link to access information about the apps. Results At the time of initial protocol submission, data collection was complete, but analysis had not begun. This study was funded by Cancer Research UK from April 2019 to March 2020. Health Research Authority approval was granted in June 2019. Conclusions Increasing the reach of digital behavior change interventions can improve population health by reducing the burden of preventable death and disease. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/23669

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Behavioral Science Through the Looking Glass: Challenges for Real-World Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 942-947
Author(s):  
Pol Mac Aonghusa ◽  
Susan Michie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Intervention Evaluation ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions

Abstract Background Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the process of scientific research. AI, coupled with availability of large datasets and increasing computational power, is accelerating progress in areas such as genetics, climate change and astronomy [NeurIPS 2019 Workshop Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning, Vancouver, Canada; Hausen R, Robertson BE. Morpheus: A deep learning framework for the pixel-level analysis of astronomical image data. Astrophys J Suppl Ser. 2020;248:20; Dias R, Torkamani A. AI in clinical and genomic diagnostics. Genome Med. 2019;11:70.]. The application of AI in behavioral science is still in its infancy and realizing the promise of AI requires adapting current practices. Purposes By using AI to synthesize and interpret behavior change intervention evaluation report findings at a scale beyond human capability, the HBCP seeks to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of research activities. We explore challenges facing AI adoption in behavioral science through the lens of lessons learned during the Human Behaviour-Change Project (HBCP). Methods The project used an iterative cycle of development and testing of AI algorithms. Using a corpus of published research reports of randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions, behavioral science experts annotated occurrences of interventions and outcomes. AI algorithms were trained to recognize natural language patterns associated with interventions and outcomes from the expert human annotations. Once trained, the AI algorithms were used to predict outcomes for interventions that were checked by behavioral scientists. Results Intervention reports contain many items of information needing to be extracted and these are expressed in hugely variable and idiosyncratic language used in research reports to convey information makes developing algorithms to extract all the information with near perfect accuracy impractical. However, statistical matching algorithms combined with advanced machine learning approaches created reasonably accurate outcome predictions from incomplete data. Conclusions AI holds promise for achieving the goal of predicting outcomes of behavior change interventions, based on information that is automatically extracted from intervention evaluation reports. This information can be used to train knowledge systems using machine learning and reasoning algorithms.

Behavior change interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of the effects on self-management and A1c

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Delgado Bomtempo Batalha ◽  
Isabela Coelho Ponciano ◽  
Gabriela Chaves ◽  
Diogo Carvalho Felício ◽  
Raquel Rodrigues Britto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions

A Scoping Review of Behavior Change Interventions to Decrease Health Care Disparities for Patients With Disabilities in a Primary Care Setting: Can Social Marketing Play a Role?

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-63
Author(s):  
Angela Makris ◽  
Mahmooda Khaliq ◽  
Elizabeth Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Health Care Disparities ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
The Social

Background: One in four Americans have a disability but remain an overlooked minority population at risk for health care disparities. Adults with disabilities can be high users of primary care but often face unmet needs and poor-quality care. Providers lack training, knowledge and have biased practices and behaviors toward people with disabilities (PWD); which ultimately undermines their quality of care. Focus of the Article: The aim is to identify behavior change interventions for decreasing health care disparities for people with disabilities in a healthcare setting, determine whether those interventions used key features of social marketing and identify gaps in research and practice. Research Question: To what extent has the social marketing framework been used to improve health care for PWD by influencing the behavior of health care providers in a primary health care setting? Program Design/Approach: Scoping Review. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: Social marketing has a long and robust history in health education and public health promotion, yet limited work has been done in the disabilities sector. The social marketing framework encompasses the appropriate features to aligned with the core principles of the social model of disability, which espouses that the barriers for PWD lie within society and not within the individual. Incorporating elements of the social model of disability into the social marketing framework could foster a better understanding of the separation of impairment and disability in the healthcare sector and open a new area of research for the field. Results: Four articles were found that target primary care providers. Overall, the studies aimed to increase knowledge, mostly for clinically practices and processes, not clinical behavior change. None were designed to capture if initial knowledge gains led to changes in behavior toward PWD. Recommendations: The lack of published research provides an opportunity to investigate both the applicability and efficacy of social marketing in reducing health care disparities for PWD in a primary care setting. Integrating the social model of disability into the social marketing framework may be an avenue to inform future interventions aimed to increase health equity and inclusiveness through behavior change interventions at a systems level.

scholarly journals Catalyzing sustainable fisheries management through behavior change interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1176-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin McDonald ◽  
Molly Wilson ◽  
Diogo Veríssimo ◽  
Rebecca Twohey ◽  
Michaela Clemence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Sustainable Fisheries ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions
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