Mediating effects of processing speed and executive functions in age-related differences in episodic memory performance: A cross-validation study.

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Lee ◽  
John D. Crawford ◽  
Julie D. Henry ◽  
Julian N. Trollor ◽  
Nicole A. Kochan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Age Related

Baseline cognitive functions among elderly patients with localized breast cancer.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9510-9510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Joly ◽  
Marie Lange ◽  
Natacha Heutte ◽  
Aurélie Daireaux ◽  
Chantal Rieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Age Related

9510 Background: Cognitive deficits (CD) were reported among patients receiving chemotherapy (CT) for cancer, but could also be observed before treatment. Elderly patients were poorly studied although they are more prone to present age-related CD and CD onset or enhancement during CT. This study assessed baseline cognitive functions among elderly localized breast cancer (LBC) patients before adjuvant treatment therapy. Methods: Episodic memory, working memory, executive functions and information processing speed were assessed with neuropsychological tests. Validated questionnaires were used to assess subjective CD, anxiety, depression and fatigue before adjuvant treatment. Geriatric assessment was also realized. Objective CD were defined as a score less than 1.5 standard deviation (SD) of normative data on >2 tests, or less than two SDs on >1 test. Significant subjective CD (evaluated by the FACT-Cog) were defined when the 4 subscales below the first tercile distribution. Results: Results concern 123 elderly LBC (71±4 years): planned treatment included CT and radiotherapy (RT) for 61 patients and RT only for 62 patients. Characteristics are as follows: mastectomy (28%), stage (I: 60%, II: 27%, III: 13%), positive hormonal receptor (88%) and positive Her2 (17%). Before any adjuvant treatment, objective CD were observed in 40% of patients (46% in CT group, episodic memory mainly impaired and 37% in RT group, executive functions and information processing speed mainly impaired). No relation was observed between cancer stage, geriatric frailty and objective CD. Twenty nine percents of patients presented fatigue, 6% anxiety and 10% depression. These variables were not related to objective CD but they were related to subjective CD. Conclusions: More than 40% of elderly LBC patients presented objective CD before any adjuvant therapy that is higher than observed among younger patients. It is important to take account in the decision making of adjuvant treatment in elderly patients. Clinical trial information: NCT01333735.

Role of executive functions and processing speed in the age-related difference in episodic memory: A life span study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Taconnat ◽  
Stephanie Billy ◽  
Cedric Bouquet ◽  
Agnes Blaye ◽  
Badiaa Bouazzaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Life Span Study ◽  
Related Difference ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Intact context memory performance in adults with autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidni A. Justus ◽  
Patrick S. Powell ◽  
Audrey Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adults With Asd ◽  
Context Memory

AbstractResearch on memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) finds increased difficulty encoding contextual associations in episodic memory and suggests executive dysfunction (e.g., selective attention, cognitive flexibility) and deficient metacognitive monitoring as potential contributing factors. Findings from our lab suggest that age-related impairments in selective attention contribute to those in context memory accuracy and older adults tended to show dependence in context memory accuracy between relevant and irrelevant context details (i.e., hyper-binding). Using an aging framework, we tested the effects of selective attention on context memory in a sample of 23 adults with ASD and 23 typically developed adults. Participants studied grayscale objects flanked by two types of contexts (color, scene) on opposing sides and were told to attend to only one object-context relationship, ignoring the other context. At test, participants made object and context recognition decisions and judgment of confidence decisions allowing for an evaluation of context memory performance, hyper-binding, and metacognitive performance for context judgments in a single task. Results showed that adults with ASD performed similarly to typically developed adults on all measures. These findings suggest that context memory performance is not always disrupted in adults with ASD, even when demands on selective attention are high. We discuss the need for continued research to evaluate episodic memory in a wider variety of adults with ASD.

scholarly journals ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND MEMORY: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF RECIPROCAL IMPACTS ACROSS OLD AGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S651-S651
Author(s):  
Oliver K Schilling
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lagged Effects

Abstract Research on the association of alcohol consumption with cognitive aging revealed mixed evidence: Whereas a u-shaped relationship has been found in many studies, suggesting that low to moderate alcohol consumption predicts more favorable cognitive outcomes than abstinence, other findings suggest that alcohol is a more linearly related risk factor for cognitive decline. These inconsistencies may partly be due to methodological variation in the statistical modeling of intraindividual changes in both, alcohol consumption and cognition across old age. The present study analyzed longitudinal change in and the mutual effects between alcohol consumption habits and verbal episodic memory (word list recall), using vector autoregressive (VAR) mixed models with nonlinear cross-lagged effects. Data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing was examined, including N=13388 aged 50+ (M=67.6, SD=9.25; 54.7% female), assessed at up to eight occasions with two-year follow-up intervals (2002/3–2016/17). The self-reported one-year frequency of alcohol drinking days (ADD) served as indicator of alcohol consumption. Basically, ADD predicted follow-up memory performance in a reverse u-shaped fashion, indicating best memory performance after moderate ADD, compared with both ends of the ADD continuum (i.e., drinking never vs. every day). Considering moderators, most notably age did not interact with cross-lagged effects, suggesting that those observed across an older age-range were not more (or less) vulnerable to effects of alcohol consumption on memory performance. Thus, this study adds further support for non-detrimental, if not beneficial, effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive aging – regarding in particular age-related loss of episodic memory.

Working memory and aging: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis using a self-ordered pointing task

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAOMI CHAYTOR ◽  
MAUREEN SCHMITTER-EDGECOMBE
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
Pointing Task

Age-related declines in working memory performance have been associated with deficits in inhibition, strategy use, processing speed, and monitoring. In the current study, cross-sectional and longitudinal methodologies were used to investigate the relative contribution of these components to age-related changes in working memory. In Experiment 1, a sample of 140 younger and 140 older adults completed an abstract design version of the Self-Ordered Pointing Task modeled after Shimamura and Jurica (1994). Experiment 1 revealed that only processing speed and monitoring explained age differences in SOPT performance. Participants in Experiment 2 were 53 older adults who returned 4 years after the initial testing and 53 young adults. A task that assessed the ability to generate and monitor an internal series of responses as compared to an externally imposed series of responses was also administered. Experiment 2 replicated the key findings from Experiment 1 and provided some further evidence for age-related internal monitoring difficulties. Furthermore, the exploratory longitudinal analysis revealed that older age and lower intellectual abilities tended to be associated with poorer performance on the SOPT at Time 2. (JINS, 2004, 10, 489–503.)

scholarly journals Quantifying Cognitive Reserve in Older Adults by Decomposing Episodic Memory Variance: Replication and Extension

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 854-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura B. Zahodne ◽  
Jennifer J. Manly ◽  
Adam M. Brickman ◽  
Karen L. Siedlecki ◽  
Charles DeCarli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Age Related

AbstractThe theory of cognitive reserve attempts to explain why some individuals are more resilient to age-related brain pathology. Efforts to explore reserve have been hindered by measurement difficulties. Reed et al. (2010) proposed quantifying reserve as residual variance in episodic memory performance that remains after accounting for demographic factors and brain pathology (whole brain, hippocampal, and white matter hyperintensity volumes). This residual variance represents the discrepancy between an individual's predicted and actual memory performance. The goals of the present study were to extend these methods to a larger, community-based sample and to investigate whether the residual reserve variable is explained by age, predicts longitudinal changes in language, and predicts dementia conversion independent of age. Results support this operational measure of reserve. The residual reserve variable was associated with higher reading ability, lower likelihood of meeting criteria for mild cognitive impairment, lower odds of dementia conversion independent of age, and less decline in language abilities over 3 years. Finally, the residual reserve variable moderated the negative impact of memory variance explained by brain pathology on language decline. This method has the potential to facilitate research on the mechanisms of cognitive reserve and the efficacy of interventions designed to impart reserve. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)

scholarly journals A-028 Utilizing Virtual Reality to Assess the Relationship between Prospective Memory and Processing Speed

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-818
Author(s):  
Sawyer J ◽  
Barnett M ◽  
Bennett L ◽  
Donnell R ◽  
Flair A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Memory Measure ◽  
Event Based

Abstract Objective Processing speed may partially mediate age-related differences in prospective memory (PM) abilities (West & Craik, 2001). The present preliminary study aimed to further investigate the relationships between prospective memory and processing speed by utilizing a novel virtual reality-based prospective memory measure. The task was designed to assess the impacts of a virtual environment would facilitate a deeper level of processing and enhance prospective memory performance. Method 49 older adults (M = 73.87, SD = 8.24) and 39 younger adults(M = 18.87, SD =1.61) completed the Coding subtest of the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS- IV) as well as a virtual-reality prospective memory measure that utilized both time-based and event-based cues. Results Coding was strongly correlated with PM time-based cues (r = .43, p < .01) and event-based cues (r = .53, p < .001). There were no correlations between processing speed and prospective memory in the young adult sample. Conclusion This study suggests that processing speed is strongly related to virtual-reality based PM and suggests that processing speed is a crucial component in prospective memory outcomes in older adults. This novel task virtual reality task may provide construct validity against other prospective memory measures.

scholarly journals Age-Related Compensatory Reconfiguration of PFC Connections during Episodic Memory Retrieval

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifu Deng ◽  
Mathew L Stanley ◽  
Zachary A Monge ◽  
Erik A Wing ◽  
Benjamin R Geib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Related Increase

Abstract During demanding cognitive tasks, older adults (OAs) frequently show greater prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity than younger adults (YAs). This age-related increase in PFC activity is often associated with enhanced cognitive performance, suggesting functional compensation. However, the brain is a complex network of interconnected regions, and it is unclear how network connectivity of PFC regions differs for OAs versus YAs. To investigate this, we examined the age-related difference on the functional brain networks mediating episodic memory retrieval. YAs and OAs participants encoded and recalled visual scenes, and age-related differences in network topology during memory retrieval were investigated as a function of memory performance. We measured both changes in functional integration and reconfiguration in connectivity patterns. The study yielded three main findings. First, PFC regions were more functionally integrated with the rest of the brain network in OAs. Critically, this age-related increase in PFC integration was associated with better retrieval performance. Second, PFC regions showed stronger performance-related reconfiguration of connectivity patterns in OAs. Finally, the PFC reconfiguration increases in OAs tracked reconfiguration reductions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL)—a core episodic memory region, suggesting that PFC connectivity in OAs may be compensating for MTL deficits.

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