The greater temporal acuity in the reminder task than in the 2AFC task is independent of standard duration and sensory modality.

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Rammsayer ◽  
Rolf Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Temporal Acuity ◽  
2Afc Task ◽  
Standard Duration

scholarly journals Temporal Perception and Attention in Trained Musicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-312
Author(s):  
Jonas Vibell ◽  
Ahnate Lim ◽  
Scott Sinnett
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Temporal Acuity ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Perceptual Skills ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Processing Information

Considerable evidence converges on the plasticity of attention and the possibility that it can be modulated through regular training. Music training, for instance, has been correlated with modulations of early perceptual and attentional processes. However, the extent to which music training can modulate mechanisms involved in processing information (i.e., perception and attention) is still widely unknown, particularly between sensory modalities. If training in one sensory modality can lead to concomitant enhancements in different sensory modalities, then this could be taken as evidence of a supramodal attentional system. Additionally, if trained musicians exhibit improved perceptual skills outside of the domain of music, this could be taken as evidence for the notion of far-transfer, where training in one domain can lead to improvements in another. To investigate this further, we evaluated the effects of music training using tasks designed to measure simultaneity perception and temporal acuity, and how these are influenced by music training in auditory, visual, and audio-visual conditions. Trained musicians showed significant enhancements for simultaneity perception in the visual modality, as well as generally improved temporal acuity, although not in all conditions. Visual cues directing attention influenced simultaneity perception for musicians for visual discrimination and temporal accuracy in auditory discrimination, suggesting that musicians have selective enhancements in temporal discrimination, arguably due to increased attentional efficiency when compared to nonmusicians. Implications for theory and future training studies are discussed.

Musicians Do Better than Nonmusicians in Both Auditory and Visual Timing Tasks

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Rammsayer ◽  
Franziska Buttkus ◽  
Eckart Altenmüller
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Temporal Acuity ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Temporal Information Processing ◽  
Timing Ability ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Temporal Generalization ◽  
Formally Trained ◽  
Better Than

the present study was designed to investigate differences in auditory and visual temporal information processing between musicians and nonmusicians. For this purpose, timing performance on a set of six different psychophysical temporal tasks for both the auditory and visual sensory modalities was compared in 40 formally trained musicians and 40 controls without musical experience. Across modalities, superior temporal acuity for musicians compared to nonmusicians could be shown for all temporal tasks except for temporal generalization. When comparing the two sensory modalities, temporal acuity was superior to auditory stimuli as compared to visual stimuli, with the exception of the temporal generalization task in the 1-s range. The overall pattern of our findings is consistent with the notion that musicians' long-lasting intensive music training, starting in childhood, improves general timing ability irrespective of sensory modality.

Time changes: Temporal contexts support event segmentation in associative memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent van de Ven ◽  
Moritz Jaeckels ◽  
Peter De Weerd
Keyword(s):  
Associative Memory ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Temporal Acuity ◽  
Event Segmentation ◽  
Standard Interval ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments

We tend to mentally segment a series of events according to perceptual contextual changes, such that items from a shared context are more strongly associated in memory than items from different contexts. It is also known that temporal context provides a scaffold to structure experiences in memory, but its role in event segmentation has not been investigated. We adapted a previous paradigm, which was used to investigate event segmentation using visual contexts, to study the effects of changes in temporal contexts on event segmentation in associative memory. We presented lists of items in which the inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) ranged across lists between 0.5 and 4 s in 0.5 s steps. After each set of six lists, participants judged which one of two test items were shown first (temporal order judgment) for items that were either drawn from the same list or from consecutive lists. Further, participants judged from memory whether the ISI associated to an item lasted longer than a standard interval (2.25s) that was not previously shown. Results showed faster responses for temporal order judgments when items were drawn from the same context, as opposed to items drawn from different contexts. Further, we found that participants were well able to provide temporal duration judgments based on recalled durations. Finally, we found temporal acuity, as estimated by psychometric curve fitting parameters of the recalled durations, correlated inversely with within-list temporal order judgments. These findings show that changes in temporal context support event segmentation in associative memory.

Rehabilitation of Post Stroke Sensory Dysfunction—A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 251660852098429
Author(s):  
Dorcas B. C. Gandhi ◽  
Ivy Anne Sebastian ◽  
Komal Bhanot
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Sensory Dysfunction ◽  
Electronic Database Search ◽  
External Stimuli

Sensory dysfunction is one of the common impairments that occurs post stroke. With sensory changes in all modalities, it also affects the quality of life and incites suicidal thoughts. The article attempts to review and describe the current evidence of various approaches of assessment and rehabilitation for post-stroke sensory dysfunction. After extensive electronic database search across Medline, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane library, it generated 2433 results. After screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 11 studies. We categorized data based on type of sensory deficits and prevalence, role of sensory system on motor behavior, type of intervention, sensory modality targeted, and dosage of intervention and outcome measures used for rehabilitation. Results found the strong evidence of involvement of primary and secondary motor areas involved in processing and responding to somatosensation, respectively. We divided rehabilitation approaches into sensory stimulation approach and sensory retraining approach focused on using external stimuli and relearning, respectively. However, with varied aims and targeted sensory involvement, the study applicability is affected. Thus, this emerges the need of extensive research in future for evidence-based practice of assessments and rehabilitation on post-stroke sensory rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Auditory Brainstem Responses to Successive Sounds: Effects of Gap Duration and Depth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Fan-Yin Cheng ◽  
Craig A. Champlin
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
Tone Burst ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Temporal Acuity ◽  
Harmonic Complex ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Physiological Correlate

Temporal acuity is the ability to differentiate between sounds based on fluctuations in the waveform envelope. The proximity of successive sounds and background noise diminishes the ability to track rapid changes between consecutive sounds. We determined whether a physiological correlate of temporal acuity is also affected by these factors. We recorded the auditory brainstem response (ABR) from human listeners using a harmonic complex (S1) followed by a brief tone burst (S2) with the latter serving as the evoking signal. The duration and depth of the silent gap between S1 and S2 were manipulated, and the peak latency and amplitude of wave V were measured. The latency of the responses decreased significantly as the duration or depth of the gap increased. The amplitude of the responses was not affected by the duration or depth of the gap. These findings suggest that changing the physical parameters of the gap affects the auditory system’s ability to encode successive sounds.

scholarly journals Transfer effects in auditory temporal preparation occur using an unfilled but not filled foreperiod

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182199545
Author(s):  
Emily M Crowe ◽  
Sander A Los ◽  
Louise Schindler ◽  
Christopher Kent
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Temporal Preparation ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Current Block ◽  
Visual Domain ◽  
Multiple Trace Theory

How quickly participants respond to a “go” after a “warning” signal is partly determined by the time between the two signals (the foreperiod) and the distribution of foreperiods. According to Multiple Trace Theory of Temporal Preparation (MTP), participants use memory traces of previous foreperiods to prepare for the upcoming go signal. If the processes underlying temporal preparation reflect general encoding and memory principles, transfer effects (the carryover effect of a previous block’s distribution of foreperiods to the current block) should be observed regardless of the sensory modality in which signals are presented. Despite convincing evidence for transfer effects in the visual domain, only weak evidence for transfer effects has been documented in the auditory domain. Three experiments were conducted to examine whether such differences in results are due to the modality of the stimulus or other procedural factors. In each experiment, two groups of participants were exposed to different foreperiod distributions in the acquisition phase and to the same foreperiod distribution in the transfer phase. Experiment 1 used a choice-reaction time (RT) task, and the warning signal remained on until the go signal, but there was no evidence for transfer effects. Experiments 2 and 3 used a simple- and choice-RT task, respectively, and there was silence between the warning and go signals. Both experiments revealed evidence for transfer effects, which suggests that transfer effects are most evident when there is no auditory stimulation between the warning and go signals.

scholarly journals Brain networks underlying the processing of sound symbolism related to softness perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Kitada ◽  
Jinhwan Kwon ◽  
Ryuichi Doizaki ◽  
Eri Nakagawa ◽  
Tsubasa Tanigawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Symbolic Information ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
Imaging Experiment

AbstractUnlike the assumption of modern linguistics, there is non-arbitrary association between sound and meaning in sound symbolic words. Neuroimaging studies have suggested the unique contribution of the superior temporal sulcus to the processing of sound symbolism. However, because these findings are limited to the mapping between sound symbolism and visually presented objects, the processing of sound symbolic information may also involve the sensory-modality dependent mechanisms. Here, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment to test whether the brain regions engaged in the tactile processing of object properties are also involved in mapping sound symbolic information with tactually perceived object properties. Thirty-two healthy subjects conducted a matching task in which they judged the congruency between softness perceived by touch and softness associated with sound symbolic words. Congruency effect was observed in the orbitofrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, insula, medial superior frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and cerebellum. This effect in the insula and medial superior frontal gyri was overlapped with softness-related activity that was separately measured in the same subjects in the tactile experiment. These results indicate that the insula and medial superior frontal gyrus play a role in processing sound symbolic information and relating it to the tactile softness information.

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