scholarly journals Trait anxiety and perceptual load as determinants of emotion processing in a fear conditioning paradigm.

Emotion ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Fox ◽  
Alan Yates ◽  
Chris Ashwin
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Perceptual Load ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm

scholarly journals Does emotion processing require attention? The effects of fear conditioning and perceptual load.

Emotion ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Yates ◽  
Chris Ashwin ◽  
Elaine Fox
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Perceptual Load ◽  
Emotion Processing

No effect of trait anxiety on differential fear conditioning or fear generalization

2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Torrents-Rodas ◽  
Miquel A. Fullana ◽  
Albert Bonillo ◽  
Xavier Caseras ◽  
Oscar Andión ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Fear Generalization

scholarly journals Postural freezing relates to startle potentiation in a human fear‐conditioning paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa A. van Ast ◽  
Floris Klumpers ◽  
Raoul P. P. P. Grasman ◽  
Angelos‐Miltiadis Krypotos ◽  
Karin Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Startle Potentiation

Influence of trait anxiety on brain activity during the acquisition and extinction of aversive conditioning

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barrett ◽  
J. L. Armony
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anxiety Response ◽  
Echo Planar

BackgroundWe examined how individual differences in trait anxiety (TA) influence the neural responses associated with the acquisition and extinction of anticipatory anxiety elicited through a context conditioning paradigm, with particular focus on the amygdala and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC).MethodDuring two sessions of echo-planar functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 18 healthy volunteers completed a decision-making task with two randomly alternating 28-s to 32-s background screen colour blocks. One of the colours was associated with the presentation of an aversive noise (CTX+) and the other colour was ‘safe’ (CTX−). In the first session (Acquisition), 33% of CTX+ colour blocks were paired with noise and in the second session (Extinction) no noise was presented.ResultsThe amygdala displayed an increased response to CTX+ compared to CTX− colour blocks during the Acquisition and Extinction sessions and the ACC displayed an increased response to CTX+ compared to CTX− colour blocks during Extinction only. In addition, a greater conditioned response (CTX+ minus CTX−) was observed in the ACC when comparing the Extinction and Acquisition sessions. Correlation analyses further showed that higher levels of TA were associated with a higher conditioned response in the amygdala during Extinction as well as a greater differential conditioned response (i.e. Extinction>Acquisition) in the ACC.ConclusionsOur results support the idea that individuals with high levels of anxiety-relevant traits and vulnerable to developing an anxiety disorder display a more resilient anxiety response during extinction that is characterized by hyper-responsivity in the amygdala.

Postural freezing foretells startle-potentiation in a human fear-conditioning paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa van Ast ◽  
Floris Klumpers ◽  
Raoul P P P Grasman ◽  
Angelos-Miltiadis Krypotos ◽  
Karin Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Startle Magnitude ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Human Conditioning ◽  
Conditioned Freezing ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Active Preparation

Freezing to impending threat is a core defensive response. It has been studied primarily using fear-conditioning in non-human animals, thwarting advances in translational human anxiety-research. Here we examine postural freezing as a human conditioning-index for translational anxiety-research. We show (n=28) that human freezing is highly sensitive to fear-conditioning, generalizes to ambiguous contexts, and amplifies with threat-imminence. Intriguingly, stronger parasympathetically-driven freezing under threat, but not sympathetically-mediated skin conductance, predicts subsequent startle magnitude. These results demonstrate that humans show fear-conditioned animal-like freezing responses, known to aid in active preparation for unexpected attack, and that freezing captures real-life anxiety-expression. Conditioned freezing offers a promising new, non-invasive, and continuous, readout for human fear-conditioning, paving the way for future translational studies into human fear and anxiety.

P19-1 Differences of P50 suprression under two distinct signals in human fear conditioning paradigm

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. S214-S215
Author(s):  
T. Kurayama ◽  
D. Matsuzawa ◽  
Z. Komiya ◽  
K. Nakazawa ◽  
C. Suto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm

scholarly journals Validating the Use of a Smartphone App for Remote Administration of a Fear Conditioning Paradigm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin Lee Purves ◽  
Elena Constantinou ◽  
Thomas McGregor ◽  
Kathryn J. Lester ◽  
Tom Joseph Barry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Total N ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Conditioning Experiment

Fear conditioning models key processes related to the development, maintenance and treatment of anxiety disorders and is associated with group differences in anxiety. However, laboratory administration of tasks is time and cost intensive, precluding assessment in large samples, necessary for analysis of individual differences. This study introduces a newly developed smartphone app that delivers a fear conditioning paradigm remotely. Three groups of participants (total n=152) took part in three studies involving a differential fear conditioning experiment to assess the reliability and validity of a smartphone administered fear conditioning paradigm. This comprised of fear acquisition, generalisation, extinction, and renewal phases. We show that smartphone app delivery of a fear conditioning paradigm results in a pattern of fear learning comparable to traditional laboratory delivery, and is able to detect individual differences in performance that show comparable associations with anxiety to the prior group differences literature.

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