scholarly journals Classical conditioning and conditioning-specific reflex modification of rabbit heart rate as a function of unconditioned stimulus location.

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard G. Schreurs ◽  
Carrie A. Smith-Bell ◽  
Lauren B. Burhans
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Stimulus Location ◽  
Reflex Modification

scholarly journals Cholesterol enhances classical conditioning of the rabbit heart rate response

2007 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard G. Schreurs ◽  
Carrie A. Smith-Bell ◽  
Deya S. Darwish ◽  
Desheng Wang ◽  
Lauren B. Burhans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Rabbit Heart

Nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability during experimental hemorrhage in ketamine-anesthetized rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (4) ◽  
pp. H1669-H1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Skinner ◽  
Brian A. Nester ◽  
William C. Dalsey
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Dimensional Reduction ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Model System ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Arrhythmic Death ◽  
System Variables

Indexes of heart rate variability (HRV) based on linear stochastic models are independent risk factors for arrhythmic death (AD). An index based on a nonlinear deterministic model, a reduction in the point correlation dimension (PD2 i), has been shown in both animal and human studies to have a higher sensitivity and specificity for predicting AD. Dimensional reduction subsequent to transient ischemia was examined previously in a simple model system, the intrinsic nervous system of the isolated rabbit heart. The present study presents a new model system in which the higher cerebral centers are blocked chemically (ketamine inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors) and the system is perturbed over a longer 15-min interval by continuous hemorrhage. The hypothesis tested was that dimensional reduction would again be evoked, but in association with a more complex relationship between the system variables. The hypothesis was supported, and we interpret the greater response complexity to result from the larger autonomic superstructure attached to the heart. The complexities observed in the nonlinear heartbeat dynamics constitute a new genre of autonomic response, one clearly distinct from a hardwired reflex or a cerebrally determined defensive reaction.

scholarly journals Development of a Classical Conditioning Task for Humans Examining Phasic Heart Rate Responses to Signaled Appetitive Stimuli: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Sayão ◽  
Heloisa Alves ◽  
Emi Furukawa ◽  
Thomas Schultz Wenk ◽  
Mauricio Cagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Orienting Response ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Cardiac Responses ◽  
Cardiac Deceleration ◽  
Appetitive Stimuli ◽  
Autonomic Changes ◽  
Food Images

Cardiac responses to appetitive stimuli have been studied as indices of motivational states and attentional processes, the former being associated with cardiac acceleration and latter deceleration. Very few studies have examined heart rate changes in appetitive classical conditioning in humans. The current study describes the development and pilot testing of a classical conditioning task to assess cardiac responses to appetitive stimuli and cues that reliably precede them. Data from 18 adults were examined. They were shown initially neutral visual stimuli (putative CS) on a computer screen followed by pictures of high-caloric food (US). Phasic cardiac deceleration to food images was observed, consistent with an orienting response to motivationally significant stimuli. Similar responses were observed to non-appetitive stimuli when they were preceded by the cue associated with the food images, suggesting that attentional processes were engaged by conditioned stimuli. These autonomic changes provide significant information about classical conditioning effects in humans.

scholarly journals Relation between Conditioned Stimulus-Elicit Responses and Unconditioned Response Diminution in Long-Interval Human Heart-Rate Classical Conditioning

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Marcos ◽  
Jaime Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
Unconditioned Response ◽  
Heart Rate Deceleration ◽  
The Us ◽  
Geometrical Shapes ◽  
Rate Deceleration

Previous research on electrodermal conditioning suggests that the conditioned diminution of the unconditioned response (UR) has an associative basis. The aim of this experiment was to test whether this phenomenon also occurs in heart rate (HR) classical conditioning. For this purpose, a differential classical conditioning was performed. The conditioned stimuli (CSs) were geometrical shapes (the CS+ was a square and the CS− was a triangle) displayed on a computer screen and a burst of white noise was used as unconditioned stimulus (US). For analysis of the conditioned response (CR) components, an interval between CS+ and US of 8 seconds was used. After the acquisition phase, participants were tested using trials with the US preceded either by a CS+, a CS−, or a neutral stimulus (a circle). The results showed conditioned diminution of the UR and suggest that the second heart rate deceleration component (D2) is responsible for the occurrence of this phenomenon.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document