Maternal separation results in early emergence of adult-like fear and extinction learning in infant rats.

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget L. Callaghan ◽  
Rick Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Extinction Learning ◽  
Infant Rats ◽  
Early Emergence ◽  
Separation Results

Neonatal maternal separation results in stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia in adult rats: A new model for IBS

2000 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. A637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh V. Coutinho ◽  
Marciano R. Sablad ◽  
Jerry C. Miller ◽  
Huping Zhou ◽  
Alan Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Visceral Hyperalgesia ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
New Model ◽  
Neonatal Maternal Separation ◽  
Separation Results

scholarly journals DRD2, DAT1, AND COMT genotypes as moderators of the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and infant cortisol reactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Ludmer
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Separation Results

Both maternal depression and dopamine-related genotypes have been linked to the development of the HPA axis. This thesis explored whether and how DRD2, DAT1, and (from an exploratory perspective) COMT genotypes moderate the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and infant cortisol reactivity in the context of a toy frustration challenge at 16 months and in the context of a maternal separation challenge at 17 months. Buccal cells were used for the purpose of genotyping. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed via self-report at infant age 16 months. Candidate DRD2 and DAT1 genotypes moderated the relation between maternal depressive symptomatology and infant cortisol secretion in a diathesis-stress manner in the context of the toy frustration task, and in a differential susceptibility manner in the context of the maternal separation. Results are interpreted as indicating that the nature of gene-environment interactions is context-specific.

scholarly journals DRD2, DAT1, AND COMT genotypes as moderators of the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and infant cortisol reactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Ludmer
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Separation Results

Both maternal depression and dopamine-related genotypes have been linked to the development of the HPA axis. This thesis explored whether and how DRD2, DAT1, and (from an exploratory perspective) COMT genotypes moderate the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and infant cortisol reactivity in the context of a toy frustration challenge at 16 months and in the context of a maternal separation challenge at 17 months. Buccal cells were used for the purpose of genotyping. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed via self-report at infant age 16 months. Candidate DRD2 and DAT1 genotypes moderated the relation between maternal depressive symptomatology and infant cortisol secretion in a diathesis-stress manner in the context of the toy frustration task, and in a differential susceptibility manner in the context of the maternal separation. Results are interpreted as indicating that the nature of gene-environment interactions is context-specific.

Leptin disinhibits nonshivering thermogenesis in infants after maternal separation

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. R606-R610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Blumberg ◽  
Kara Deaver ◽  
Robert F. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Nonshivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Fully Depleted ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Infant Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Exposed Infant

Prolonged maternal separation inhibits endogenous heat production in infant mammals exposed to cold. This inhibition of thermogenesis occurs many hours before energy stores have been fully depleted. The need to protect energy resources during separation-induced starvation may be signaled by declining levels of leptin, a hormone that acts as a “fat signal” and a regulator of energy utilization; in fact, starvation reduces leptin levels in adult mice and infant rats. It is not known, however, whether leptin has a functional role during starvation in infants. Such a role may be found in the regulation of nonshivering thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue (BAT), a specialized organ that provides heat to infant mammals, including humans, during cold exposure. Heat produced by BAT allows the cold-exposed infant to prevent the detrimental effects of hypothermia on physiology and behavior and, ultimately, growth. Here we show that leptin disinhibits BAT thermogenesis during cold exposure in infant rats after 18 h of maternal separation. This finding demonstrates that leptin is more than simply an adipostat for the regulation of body weight; specifically, leptin modulates thermogenesis and energy utilization in the early postnatal period.

Early emergence of altered 5‐HT 2A receptor‐evoked behavior, neural activation and gene expression following maternal separation

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Sood ◽  
Sthitapranjya Pati ◽  
Amrita Bhattacharya ◽  
Karina Chaudhari ◽  
Vidita A. Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Early Emergence
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