Neurocognition and functional outcome in early-onset schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A 13-year follow-up.

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merete Øie ◽  
Kjetil Sundet ◽  
Torill Ueland
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Early Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Cognitive Performance in Early-Onset Schizophrenia and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A 25-Year Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merete G. Øie ◽  
Kjetil Sundet ◽  
Elisabeth Haug ◽  
Pål Zeiner ◽  
Ole Klungsøyr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Early Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Early-Onset Schizophrenia (EOS) and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are early- onset neurodevelopmental disorders associated with cognitive deficits. The current study represents the first attempt to compare these groups on a comprehensive cognitive test battery in a longitudinal design over 25 years in order to enhance our knowledge of particular patterns resulting from the interaction between normal maturational processes and different illness processes of these disorders. In the baseline study, 19 adolescents with schizophrenia were compared to 20 adolescents with ADHD and 30 healthy controls (HC), all between 12 and 18 years of age. After 13 years (T2) and after 25 years (T3) they were re-evaluated with the cognitive test battery. A cognitive Composite Score was used in a linear mixed model. The EOS group had a significant cognitive stagnation or deterioration from T1 to T2 compared to HC. However, the EOS group had the most positive change from T2 to T3, supporting a stable level of cognitive performance over the 25 year span. The ADHD group improved or had similar development as the HC group from T1 to T2. They continued to improve significantly compared to the HC group from T2 to T3. Individuals in the EOS group performed more impaired on the cognitive composite score compared to the HC group and the ADHD group at all three time points. Results might indicate a neurodevelopmental pathway of EOS with subnormal cognitive development specific in adolescence. In comparison, the ADHD group had a more consistent cognitive maturation supporting a maturational delay hypothesis of ADHD.

Visual attention in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder before and after stimulant treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 2617-2625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie Low ◽  
Signe Vangkilde ◽  
Julijana le Sommer ◽  
Birgitte Fagerlund ◽  
Birte Glenthøj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Visual Processing Speed ◽  
Adhd Symptomatology

AbstractBackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which frequently persists into adulthood. The primary goal of the current study was to (a) investigate attentional functions of stimulant medication-naïve adults with ADHD, and (b) investigate the effects of 6 weeks of methylphenidate treatment on these functions.MethodsThe study was a prospective, non-randomized, non-blinded, 6-week follow-up design with 42 stimulant medication-naïve adult patients with ADHD, and 42 age and parental education-matched healthy controls. Assessments included measures of visual attention, based on Bundesen's Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), which yields five precise measures of aspects of visual attention; general psychopathology; ADHD symptoms; dyslexia screening; and estimates of IQ.ResultsAt baseline, significant differences were found between patients and controls on three attentional parameters: visual short-term memory capacity, threshold of conscious perception, and to a lesser extent visual processing speed. Secondary analyses revealed no significant correlations between TVA parameter estimates and severity of ADHD symptomatology. At follow-up, significant improvements were found specifically for visual processing speed; this improvement had a large effect size, and remained when controlling for re-test effects, IQ, and dyslexia screen performance. There were no significant correlations between changes in visual processing speed and changes in ADHD symptomatology.ConclusionsADHD in adults may be associated with deficits in three distinct aspects of visual attention. Improvements after 6 weeks of medication are seen specifically in visual processing speed, which could represent an improvement in alertness. Clinical symptoms and visual attentional deficits may represent separate aspects of ADHD in adults.

scholarly journals The diagnosis and management of adult ADHD in HMP Elmley, a Category B remand prison

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S90-S90
Author(s):  
Kathleen McCurdy ◽  
Nosa Igbinomwanhia
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Adhd Medication ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Initial Appointment

AimsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent disorder in young adult prisoners. This audit aimed to identify how many residents are prescribed medication treatment for ADHD in HMP Elmley and whether those seen by the prison psychiatrists have been managed in line with NICE guidelines. We also audited waiting times and time to follow-up appointments. This was done with the overall aim to identify potential areas for development.MethodWe performed a spot audit of all residents in HMP Elmley who were prescribed ADHD medication on 4th November 2019, using their electronic patient records. Appointments with the psychiatrists were then subdivided into initial assessments and follow-up appointments for the purpose of analysis. Performance was measured against NICE Guideline [NG87]: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management. We also calculated the waiting times for initial appointment and follow-up appointment.ResultWe found that 33 of residents were on ADHD medication at the time of the audit, approximately 3% of the prison population. 64% of those had a pre-existing diagnosis and 36% had been given a new diagnosis at HMP Elmley. Of those newly diagnosed 100% had undergone a Diagnostic Interview for Adults in ADHD (DIVA) assessment for diagnosis.Baseline physical health checks had been performed in 68% of patients prior to starting medication and a cardiovascular examination had occurred in 9%. At follow-up 100% of patients had their physical observations and weight checked and their symptoms reviewed.91% of patients were started on methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine as first line treatment, with the rest started on atomoxetine and the reason for this documented.100% patients were offered general psychological support.There was a mean 22 day wait for an initial appointment (range 0-65) and a mean 20 day wait from starting medication to a psychiatric follow-up appointment (range 8-37)ConclusionThe number of residents treated for ADHD in HMP Elmley is relatively low (3%) compared to the estimated prevalence in prison population.The key areas for improvement are in baseline cardiovascular examinations and physical health evaluations. The waiting time between initial psychiatric appointment and follow-up is another area where improvement is needed and this will form the basis of a quality improvement project.Future steps include setting up a specific ADHD clinic with an allocated nurse practitioner to support, producing a template for ADHD assessments and follow-ups, producing a local policy on ADHD and developing specific resources for ADHD psychoeducation.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Support System for the Detection of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using EOG Signals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Demirci ◽  
Mustafa Yasin Esas ◽  
Çiğdem Gülüzar Altıntop ◽  
Neslihan Taştepe ◽  
Fatma Latifoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Support System ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Subjective Effect ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Support

Abstract Although Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disease, objective diagnostic methods are insufficient still. Current diagnostic methods include the subjective influence of the evaluator. In this context, in our study, we aimed to minimize the subjective effect of the evaluator with the objective diagnosis support system for ADHD.In our study, a visual stimulus follow-up test developed by us was applied to the patient with ADHD and healthy individuals, and electrooculogram (EOG) signals were recorded simultaneously. With the features extracted from EOG signals, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were used for the classification study of patients and healthy individuals, and it was determined that the classification of ADHD and healthy group could be distinguished by 81.76% performance. Thus, the outcomes that will contribute to the objective diagnosis of ADHD have been presented. The results are remarkable and important findings have been obtained that will contribute to the literature.

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