Distractor modality can turn semantic interference into semantic facilitation in the picture–word interference task: Implications for theories of lexical access in speech production.

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1443-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Hantsch ◽  
Jörg D. Jescheniak ◽  
Herbert Schriefers
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Interference Task

The shape of things to come in speech production: Visual form interference during lexical access

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1921-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greig I de Zubicaray ◽  
Mia McLean ◽  
Frank Oppermann ◽  
Aidan Hegarty ◽  
Katie McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Visual Form ◽  
Conceptual Processing ◽  
Production Models ◽  
To Come ◽  
Selection Mechanisms

Naming a picture is slower in categorically related compared with unrelated contexts, an effect termed semantic interference. This effect has informed the development of all contemporary models of lexical access in speech production. However, category members typically share visual features, so semantic interference might in part reflect this confound. Surprisingly, little work has addressed this issue, and the relative absence of evidence for visual form interference has been proposed to be problematic for production models implementing competitive lexical selection mechanisms. In a series of five experiments using two different naming paradigms, we demonstrate a reliable visual form interference effect in the absence of a category relation and show the effect is more likely to originate during lexical or later response selection than during perceptual/conceptual processing. We conclude visual form interference in naming is a significant complicating factor for studies of semantic interference effects and discuss the implications for current accounts of lexical access in spoken word production.

Exploring the time course of semantic interference and associative priming in the picture–word interference task

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Sailor ◽  
Patricia J. Brooks ◽  
Paul R. Bruening ◽  
Liat Seiger-Gardner ◽  
Mark Guterman
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Associative Priming ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Interference Task ◽  
Naming Latencies

The picture–word interference (PWI) task is a widely used technique for exploring effects of semantic context on lexical access. In this task, printed words are superimposed over pictures to be named, with the timing of the interfering word relative to the picture systematically manipulated. Two experiments ( N = 24 adults in each) explored the time course of effects of associates (e.g., CARROT superimposed on a picture of a rabbit) versus coordinates (e.g., CHIPMUNK superimposed on a picture of a rabbit) on naming latencies. Associates led to faster picture naming than did unrelated words, with facilitative effects occurring at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs, in ms) ranging from –450 to 0. Coordinates led to slower naming latencies, with the interference effect restricted to SOAs of –150 and 0. The overlapping time course of associative priming and coordinate interference provides important constraints on models of lexical access in speech production.

scholarly journals Effects of orthography in the picture-word task: Evidence from Japanese scripts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra S. Dylman ◽  
Mariko Kikutani ◽  
Miho Sasaki ◽  
Christopher Barry
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Distractor Word ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Word Task ◽  
Different Populations

AbstractThe picture-word task presents participants with a number of pictured objects together with a written distractor word superimposed upon each picture, and their task is to name the depicted object while ignoring the distractor word. Depending on the specific picture and word combination, various effects, including the identity facilitation effect (e.g., DOG + dog) and the semantic interference effect (e.g., GOAT + cow), are often observed. The response patterns of the picture-word task in terms of naming latencies reflect the mechanisms underlying lexical selection in speech production. Research using this method, however, has typically focused on alphabetic languages, or involved bilingual populations, making it difficult to specifically investigate orthographic effects in isolation. In this paper, we report five experiments investigating the role of orthography in the picture-word task by varying distractor script (using the multiscriptal language Japanese, and pseudohomophonic spellings in English) across three different populations (Japanese monolinguals, Japanese-English bilinguals, and English monolinguals), investigating both the identity facilitation effect and the semantic interference effect. The results generally show that the magnitude of facilitation is affected by orthography even within a single language. The findings and specific patterns of results are discussed in relation to current theories on speech production.

Is lexical selection in bilingual speech production language-specific? Further evidence from Spanish–English and English–Spanish bilinguals

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Costa ◽  
Alfonso Caramazza
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
L2 Spanish ◽  
Naming Latencies ◽  
Spanish Bilinguals

In this study we address the question of how lexical selection is achieved by bilingual speakers during speech production. Specifically, we test whether there is competition between the two lexicons of a bilingual during lexical access. In two picture–word interference experiments we explore the performance of two groups of bilinguals, English–Spanish and Spanish–English proficient bilinguals while naming pictures either in their L1 (Spanish) or in their L2 (Spanish). Picture naming was facilitated when the name of the picture and the distracter word were the “same”, regardless of the language in which the distracter was printed: same-language (e.g., mesa–mesa [table in Spanish]) or different-language pairs (e.g., mesa–table). The magnitude of this facilitatory effect was similar when naming in L1 (Experiment 1) and in L2 (Experiment 2). We also found that naming latencies were slower when the distracter word was semantically related to the picture's name (e.g., mesa–chair), regardless of the language in which the distracter was printed. The results suggest that there is no competition between the two lexicons of a bilingual during lexical access for production. This interpretation favors a model of lexical access in which lexical selection is language-specific both when speaking in L1 and in L2.

Gesture, Speech, and Lexical Access: The Role of Lexical Movements in Speech Production

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances H. Rauscher ◽  
Robert M. Krauss ◽  
Yihsiu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Lexical Access

scholarly journals A theory of lexical access in speech production

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem J. M. Levelt ◽  
Ardi Roelofs ◽  
Antje S. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Lexical Access
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