Predictor combination in binary decision-making situations.

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Binary Decision

scholarly journals Decision making process via binary decision diagram

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Pliego Marugán ◽  
Fausto Pedro García Márquez ◽  
José Lorente
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Binary Decision Diagram ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Binary Decision

scholarly journals Intraparietal stimulation disrupts negative distractor effects in human multi-alternative decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Kohl ◽  
Michelle Wong ◽  
Jing Jun Wong ◽  
Matthew Rushworth ◽  
Bolton Chau
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Decision Space ◽  
Binary Decision ◽  
Distractor Effect ◽  
Divisive Normalization ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alternative Decision ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract There has been debate about whether addition of an irrelevant distractor option to an otherwise binary decision influences which of the two choices is taken. We show that disparate views on this question are reconciled if distractors exert two opposing but not mutually exclusive effects. Each effect predominates in a different part of decision space: 1) a positive distractor effect predicts high-value distractors improve decision-making; 2) a negative distractor effect, of the type associated with divisive normalisation models, entails decreased accuracy with increased distractor values. Here, we demonstrate both distractor effects coexist in human decision making but in different parts of a decision space defined by the choice values. We show disruption of the medial intraparietal area (MIP) by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) increases positive distractor effects at the expense of negative distractor effects. Furthermore, individuals with larger MIP volumes are also less susceptible to the disruption induced by TMS. These findings also demonstrate a causal link between MIP and the impact of distractors on decision-making via divisive normalization.

scholarly journals Value-based decision-making between affective memories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem Pulcu ◽  
Calum Guinea ◽  
Hannah Clemens ◽  
Catherine J Harmer ◽  
Susannah E Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Binary Decision ◽  
Affective Events ◽  
Subsequent Recall ◽  
Pupil Constriction

Affective biases can influence how past events are recalled from memory. However, the mechanisms underlying how discrete affective events shape memory formation and subsequent recall are not well understood. Further understanding this is important given the central role of negative biases in affective memory recall in depression and antidepressant drug action. In order to capture cognitive processes associated with affective memory formation and recall, we studied value-based decision-making between affective memories in two within-subject experiments (n=45 and n=74). Our findings suggest that discrete affective events, created by large magnitude Wheel of Fortune (WoF) outcomes, influence affective memory formation processes during reinforcement-learning (RL). After 24 hours, we show that healthy volunteers display stable preferences during value-based recall of affective memories in a binary decision-making task. Computational modelling of these preferences demonstrated a positive bias during value-based recall, induced by previously winning in the WoF. We further showed that value-based decision-making between affective memories engages the pupil-linked central arousal systems, leading to pupil constriction prior to, and differential pupil dilation after the decision onset depending on the valence of the chosen options. Taken together, we demonstrate that mechanisms underlying human affective memory systems can be described by RL and probability weighting models. This approach could be used as a translational assay to study the effects of novel antidepressants.

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