Language, Aging, and Culture: A Dynamic Approach

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Conway ◽  
Nina Finkel
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Approach

Review of Psychotherapy: A Dynamic Approach. 2nd ed.

1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
JAMES BIERI
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Approach

A Dynamic Approach to Anaphoric Resolution

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
So-Woo Chung
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Approach

Structural-dynamic approach to allocation of communities in social networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
A.A. Kochkarov ◽  
◽  
N.V. Kalashnikov ◽  
R.A. Kochkarov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Structural Dynamic

Making it abstract, making it contestable: Gender/sex as a politicized concept

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Mazzuca ◽  
Matteo Santarelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Biological Feature ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cultural Construct ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
The One

The concept of gender has been the battleground of scientific and political speculations for a long time. On the one hand, some accounts contended that gender is a biological feature, while on the other hand some scholars maintained that gender is a socio-cultural construct (e.g., Butler, 1990; Risman, 2004). Some of the questions that animated the debate on gender over history are: how many genders are there? Is gender rooted in our biological asset? Are gender and sex the same thing? All of these questions entwine one more crucial, and often overlooked interrogative. How is it possible for a concept to be the purview of so many disagreements and conceptual redefinitions? The question that this paper addresses is therefore not which specific account of gender is preferable. Rather, the main question we will address is how and why is even possible to disagree on how gender should be considered. To provide partial answers to these questions, we suggest that gender/sex (van Anders, 2015; Fausto-Sterling, 2019) is an illustrative example of politicized concepts. We show that no concepts are political in themselves; instead, some concepts are subjected to a process involving a progressive detachment from their supposed concrete referent (i.e., abstractness), a tension to generalizability (i.e., abstraction), a partial indeterminacy (i.e., vagueness), and the possibility of being contested (i.e., contestability). All of these features differentially contribute to what we call the politicization of a concept. In short, we will claim that in order to politicize a concept, a possible strategy is to evidence its more abstract facets, without denying its more embodied and perceptual components (Borghi et al., 2019). So, we will first outline how gender has been treated in psychological and philosophical discussions, to evidence its essentially contestable character thereby showing how it became a politicized concept. Then we will review some of the most influential accounts of political concepts, arguing that currently they need to be integrated with more sophisticated distinctions (e.g., Koselleck, 2004). The notions gained from the analyses of some of the most important accounts of political concepts in social sciences and philosophy will allow us to implement a more dynamic approach to political concepts. Specifically, when translated into the cognitive science framework, these reflections will help us clarifying some crucial aspects of the nature of politicized concepts. Bridging together social and cognitive sciences, we will show how politicized concepts are abstract concepts, or better abstract conceptualizations.

The Opposition of Surprisal and Semantic Similarity in the Prediction of Language Processing: Evidence from Eye-tracking Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Dynamic Approach

Expectations or predictions about upcoming content play an important role during language comprehension and processing. One important aspect of recent studies of language comprehension and processing concerns the estimation of the upcoming words in a sentence or discourse. Many studies have used eye-tracking data to explore computational and cognitive models for contextual word predictions and word processing. Eye-tracking data has previously been widely explored with a view to investigating the factors that influence word prediction. However, these studies are problematic on several levels, including the stimuli, corpora, statistical tools they applied. Although various computational models have been proposed for simulating contextual word predictions, past studies usually preferred to use a single computational model. The disadvantage of this is that it often cannot give an adequate account of cognitive processing in language comprehension. To avoid these problems, this study draws upon a massive natural and coherent discourse as stimuli in collecting the data on reading time. This study trains two state-of-art computational models (surprisal and semantic (dis)similarity from word vectors by linear discriminative learning (LDL)), measuring knowledge of both the syntagmatic and paradigmatic structure of language. We develop a `dynamic approach' to compute semantic (dis)similarity. It is the first time that these two computational models have been merged. Models are evaluated using advanced statistical methods. Meanwhile, in order to test the efficiency of our approach, one recently developed cosine method of computing semantic (dis)similarity based on word vectors data adopted is used to compare with our `dynamic' approach. The two computational and fixed-effect statistical models can be used to cross-verify the findings, thus ensuring that the result is reliable. All results support that surprisal and semantic similarity are opposed in the prediction of the reading time of words although both can make good predictions. Additionally, our `dynamic' approach performs better than the popular cosine method. The findings of this study are therefore of significance with regard to acquiring a better understanding how humans process words in a real-world context and how they make predictions in language cognition and processing.

The Interdisciplinary Functional-Dynamic Approach to the Analysis of the Political System of Modern Society

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
D. V. Bobrov ◽  
A. A. Shulus ◽  
F. F. Farisov
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political System ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Communication Subsystems ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Technological Communication

The authors analyze different approaches to the study of the political system of society (PSO) in various social sciences. The prospects of an interdisciplinary study of PSO based on the llocation of several subsystems with various functions are substantiated. The characteristic of various functional subsystems of the PSO is given, among them: institutional, regulatory, ideological, technological, communication subsystems

Perancangan Strategi Penjualan Menggunakan Dinamika Sistem Pada CV. Gajah Mungkur

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Maulana Hassan Syafrudin ◽  
Nunung Nurhasanah
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Scenario Simulation ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Uncertainty Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Company

<p><em>Abstrak</em> – <strong>CV. Gajah Mungkur adalah salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang bordir kain. Perusahaan ini mengalami pasang surut penjualan produknya selama dua tahun terakhir. Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini menggunakan strategi seperti analisis SWOT sebagai pendekatan perusahaan menghadapi persaingan bisnis penjualan serta pendekatan dinamika sistem dalam memberikan rekomendasi terhadap keputusan atau kebijakan perusahaan terkait nilai omset penjualan dan nilai profit perusahan yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor ketidakpastian (uncertainty). Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan ANP dengan software Super Decisions, didapatkan bahwa alternatif strategi yang tepat bagi perusahaan CV. Gajah Mungkur untuk melanjutkan proses bisnisnya yang lebih baik adalah dengan cara memberikan promo diskon dan melakukan pemasaran secara online. Berdasarkan analisis output hasil simulasi skenario, bahwa bila perusahaan menerapkan skenario diskon harga produk sebesar 5% perusahaan akan mendapatkan penambahan jumlah penjualan sebanyak 139.258 unit. Kemudian bila perusahaan menerapkan skenario diskon produk sebesar 10% perusahaan akan mendapatkan penambahan jumlah penjualan sebanyak 151.918 unit. Selanjutnya adalah bila perusahaan menerapkan skenario diskon produk sebesar 15% perusahaan akan mendapatkan penambahan jumlah penjualan sebanyak 164.577 unit. Selain itu bila perusahaan menerapkan pemasaran secara online, bila perusahaan menerapkan promosi online salah satunya di online shop shopee maka perusahaan akan mendapatkan penambahan jumlah penjualan sebanyak 174.533 unit.</strong></p><p><em>Abstract</em> - <strong>CV. Gajah Mungkur is one of the companies engaged in fabric embroidery. This company has experienced ups and downs in the sales of its products as per the data for the last two years. For this reason, this study uses strategies such as SWOT analysis as a company approach to dealing with sales business competition as well as a system dynamic approach in providing recommendations on company decisions or policies related to the value of sales turnover and the value of company profits which are influenced by uncertainty factors. The results of this study are based on the results of ANP processing with Super Decisions, it was found that the right alternative strategy for CV. Gajah Mungkur, to continue its better business process, is by providing discount promos and marketing online. Based on the output analysis scenario simulation results, that if the company applies a 5% discount on product price scenarios, the company will get an additional sales volume of 139,258 units. Then if the company applies a product discount scenario of 10%, the company will get an additional sales number of 151,918 units. Furthermore, if the company applies a product discount scenario of 15%, the company will get an additional sales number of 164,577 units. Besides, if the company implements online marketing, if the company implements online promotions, one of which is the online shopee, the company will get an additional sales number of 174,533 unit.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords - </em></strong><em>SWOT, ANP, System Dynamics Simulation</em><em>.</em></p>

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