Five-factor model personality functioning in adults with intellectual disabilities.

2012 ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Sara E. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Maladaptive Personality Functioning Within the Big Five and the Five-Factor Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Anne Coker ◽  
Douglas B. Samuel ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Functioning

scholarly journals Self-defining Memories (Their Affect, Structure, Meaning, and Content) in Relation to Temperament, Trait Domains, and Psychological Adjustment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel S. Blagov ◽  
Jefferson A. Singer ◽  
Kathryn M. Oost ◽  
Joshua A. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Overgeneral Memory ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Trait Theory ◽  
Autobiographical Recall ◽  
Integrative Processing ◽  
Healthy Personality

We partly replicated and significantly extended research linking four features of self-defining memories (SDMs) – affect, structure, meaning, and content – to personality and adjustment. By linking SDM features to temperament, the five-factor model domains, and psychopathology models (and the Big Three superfactors), we tested theories about the relationships between autobiographical memory and personality. The sample of 133 participants (1330 SDMs) was well-powered for multilevel modeling. We found support for the following claims. Affect: SDM affect was linked to positive and negative emotionality indices, consistent with trait theory and the self-memory system (SMS) model of autobiographical recall. Structure: SDM specificity vs. overgenerality related to indices of constraint and internalizing tendencies, lending support to the executive dysfunction and emotional disorder theories of overgeneral memory. Tests of the avoidance hypotheses of overgeneral memory were less conclusive. Meaning: Integrative processing in SDMs reflects healthy personality functioning. It moderated the link between SDM affect and internalizing. Content: Links between SDM content (event types and contamination themes) and personality suggest that SDMs reflect personal goals (as per the SMS model) whose fulfillment (or frustration) may indicate (mal)adjustment. This research further establishes the validity and usefulness of the SDM framework in the study of autobiographical memory, personality, and psychopathology.

scholarly journals A typological investigation of personality: Trait expression as a coordinated system of self-regulatory functioning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Laina Isler
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Longitudinal Stability ◽  
Control Block ◽  
Profile Model ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Ego Resiliency

<p>Many researchers contend that the intra-individual configuration of multiple traits, as compared to isolated trait dimensions, more effectively capture personality functioning at the level of the individual. Moreover, it is argued that by identifying subsets of individuals with similar trait-profiles, we can shed light on the generative mechanisms that underlie the expression and functioning of personality. Notably, self-regulatory systems of ego-resiliency and ego-control, as developed by Block and Block, comprise a valuable theoretical foundation for the development and interpretation of personality types. However, much of the literature on this topic is theoretically ambiguous, and is afflicted with inconsistent empirical outcomes across studies. The focus of the present thesis is to advance the empirical assessment and theoretical interpretability of personality profiles. More particularly, comparisons between three and four profile solutions are at the core of the current investigations. These competing models reflect differing interpretations of ego-domains; the three profile model embodies a proposed curvilinear relationship between the two constructs, whereas the four profile model emphasises the roles of ego-resiliency and ego-control as distinct mechanisms with unique outcomes.  In Study 1, Latent Profile and Latent Transition Analyses were conducted using the Six-Factor Model of personality. Three and four profile solutions were developed and compared using measures of model fit, profile interpretability, longitudinal stability, and predictive ability. In Study 2, the replicability of both solutions when using the Five-Factor Model was examined, along with the comparative value of the Six- as opposed to Five-Factor Model in profile identification. Finally, in Study 3, the interpretability of the four profile solution as reflecting differentiated domains of ego-functioning was assessed using established measures of ego-resiliency and ego-control. Across all three studies, profiles were considered using a novel approach utilising both continuous and categorical methodologies. Rather than treating profiles as entirely discrete groupings of personality functioning, the present investigation considers convergence with prototypical profiles in terms of degree.  The current findings provide support for the four profile solution as a more coherent and theoretically validated model as compared to the three profile solution. Specifically, although both solutions demonstrated good fit and longitudinal stability, the four profile solution was associated with more theoretically interpretable outcomes. These findings were consistent when using both the Six- as well as Five-Factor Model of personality; however, omission of the sixth trait resulted in a reduction in profile precision and explanatory power. Finally, in Study 3, selected exemplars of the four profile solution converged onto theoretically consistent domains of high/low ego-resiliency and ego-control.   Block and Block’s model of ego-resiliency and ego-control provides a clear unifying framework for the intra-individual structuring of a four profile configuration of traits. Ego-constructs are flexible self-regulatory mechanisms that develop through reciprocal person-environmental transactions. The current results are therefore suggestive of a hierarchical relationship between ego-domains and personality traits, whereby traits form the basic parameters of a dynamic self-regulatory system. Moreover, the combination of continuous and categorical methodologies presently used strengthens the conclusions and arguments in this thesis.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluating the Assessment of the ICD-11 Personality Disorder Diagnostic System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Oltmanns ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
System P ◽  
Pattern Scale ◽  
Direct Measures

Proposed for the ICD-11 is a dimensional model of personality disorder that, if approved, would be a paradigm shift in the conceptualization of personality disorder. The proposal consists of a general severity rating, five maladaptive personality trait domains, and a borderline pattern qualifier. The general severity rating can be assessed by the Standardized Assessment of Severity of Personality Disorder (SASPD), the trait domains by the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) , and the borderline pattern by the Borderline Pattern Scale (BPS), which is developed in the present study. To date, no study has examined the relations among all three components, due in part to the absence of direct measures for each component (until recently). The current study develops and provides initial validation evidence for the BPS, and examines the relations among the BPS, SASPD, and PiCD. Also considered is their relationship with the five-factor model of general personality as well as with two other measures of personality disorder severity (including the DSM-5 Level of Personality Functioning Scale [LPFS]). Further, an alternative trait-based coding of the DSM-5 LPFS is examined (modeled after the ICD-11 SASPD), suggesting that its coverage of diverse maladaptivity may not be because it assesses the core of personality disorder, but rather because it has items specific to the different domains of personality.

Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Five Factor Form and the Sliderbar Inventory

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Rojas ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Factor Form

Existing measures of the five factor model (FFM) of personality are generally, if not exclusively, unipolar in their assessment of maladaptive variants of the FFM domains. However, two recently developed measures, the Five Factor Form (FFF) and the Sliderbar Inventory (SI), include items that assess for maladaptive variants at both poles of each item. This structure is unique among existing measures of personality and personality disorder, although there is a historical, infrequently used Stone Personality Trait Schema (SPTS) that had also included this item structure. To facilitate an exploration of their convergent and discriminant validity, the SI and SPTS items were reorganized into FFM scales. The convergent and discriminant validity of the FFF, SI-FFM, and SPTS-FFM scales was considered in a sample of 450 adults with current or a history of mental health treatment. The FFF, SI-FFM, and SPTS-FFM were also compared with respect to their relationship with FFM domains. Finally, the FFF items and SI-FFM scales were tested with respect to their relationship with measures of maladaptive variants of both high and low agreeableness and conscientiousness. The implications of the results are discussed with respect to the assessment of maladaptive personality functioning, and suggestions for future research are provided.

An Integration of Normal and Abnormal Personality Structure: The Five-Factor Model

2012 ◽  
pp. 81-107
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Douglas B. Samuel ◽  
Stephanie Mullins-Sweatt ◽  
Whitney L. Gore ◽  
Cristina Crego
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

It is evident that the conceptualization, diagnosis, and classification of personality disorder is shifting toward a dimensional model and, more specifically, the Five-Factor Model (FFM) in particular. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the FFM of personality disorder. It will begin with a description of this dimensional model of normal and abnormal personality functioning, along with a brief overview of its empirical support. This will be followed by a discussion of its potential advantages, and a comparison with the current proposals for DSM-5.

Core dimensions of personality pathology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1201-1210
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Skodol ◽  
Leslie C. Morey
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

This chapter describes the emergence of dimensional models for the classification and diagnosis of personality pathology. Broad personality traits underlie the meta-structure of psychopathology in general and describe the myriad manifestations of personality disorders (PDs) specifically. Domains of personality functioning distinguish personality styles from PD, and PD from other types of psychopathology, and represent the important construct of severity in personality pathology. This chapter describes the alternative Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) model for personality disorder (AMPD) and the five-factor model of personality (FFM) by which it was inspired. It summarizes the development and longitudinal course of personality traits, personality functioning, and PD; the relationship of personality and PD with physical health and psychosocial impairment; and the clinical utility of dimensional diagnostic approaches. Finally, it illustrates how traditional DSM subtypes of PD can be rendered according to impairments in personality functioning and pathological personality traits in a ‘hybrid’ dimensional–categorical model.

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