A fuzzy trace theory of adolescent risk taking: Beyond self-control and sensation seeking.

2011 ◽  
pp. 379-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina F. Chick ◽  
Valerie F. Reyna
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Positive risk-taking: Mixed-methods validation of a self-report scale and evidence for genetic links to personality and negative risk-taking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Wales Patterson ◽  
Lilla Pivnick ◽  
Frank D Mann ◽  
Andrew D Grotzinger ◽  
Kathryn C Monahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Adolescents are more likely to take risks. Typically, research on adolescent risk-taking has focused on its negative health and societal consequences. However, some risk-taking behaviors might be positive, defined here as behavior that does not violate the rights of others and that might advance socially-valuable goals. Empirical work on positive risk-taking has been limited by measurement challenges. In this study, we elicited adolescents’ free responses (n = 75) about a time they took a risk. Based on thematic coding, we identified positive behaviors described as risks and selected items to form a self-report scale. The resulting positive risk-taking scale was quantitatively validated in a population-based sample of adolescent twins (n = 1249). Second, we evaluated associations between positive risk-taking, negative risk-taking, and potential personality and peer correlates using a genetically informed design. Sensation seeking predicted negative and positive risk-taking equally strongly, whereas extraversion differentiated forms of risk-taking. Additive genetic influences on personality accounted for the total heritability in positive risk-taking. Indirect pathways from personality through positive and negative peer environments were identified. These results provide promising evidence that personality factors of sensation seeking and extraversion can manifest as engagement in positive risks. Increased understanding of positive manifestations of adolescent risk-taking may yield targets for positive youth development strategies to bolster youth well-being.

scholarly journals Structural Home Environment Effects on Developmental Trajectories of Self-Control and Adolescent Risk Taking

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Holmes ◽  
Alexis Brieant ◽  
Rachel Kahn ◽  
Kirby Deater-Deckard ◽  
Jungmeen Kim-Spoon
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Targeting adolescent risk-taking behaviors: the contributions of egocentrism and sensation-seeking

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHRYN GREENE ◽  
MARINA KRCMAR ◽  
LYNDA H WALTERS ◽  
DONALD L RUBIN ◽  
JEROLD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

scholarly journals The Difference Between Fuzzy Trace Theory And Heuristic Theory In Risk Taking In The Context Of Financial Investment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5C) ◽  
pp. 170-177
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Global Memory ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this paper is to compare two theories, namely fuzzy trace theory and heuristic theory in the context of risk taking in financial investment decisions. Fuzzy trace theory is a global memory model developed to explain the findings that are against witha certain feeling instution about the relationship between memory and thought. Meanwhile, heuristic theory mentions that a person's behavior in making decisions with limited and short time is because of only limited informations and all of them are in the conditions of uncertainty. The heuristic theory states that the making of fast decision involves the elements of perception, memory, framing effect and the ease of processing information and overload informant’s condition. The statement of the heuristic theory is not in accordance with the main principle of the fuzzy trace theory, in which a person encodes, stores, retrieves, and forgets her/his verbatim memory and gist separately and in paralel. The difference of the two theories influences the risk taking in the field of financial investment. Some factors affecting the risk taking are as the followings: (1) Financial literacy (including memory, information and investor knowledge); (2) Emotion (prioritizing her/his feeling and intuition in decision making); and (3) Risk perception (considering one’s feeling and perception in making risk decisions). Based on the conceptual analysis of the factors that influence risk taking, investors need to pay attention to: (1) financial literacy; they should consider the fuzzy trace theory, (2) emotion; they should consider the heuristic theory in making decisions, (3) risk perception; they should consider the heuristic theory. It is expected that this paper is beneficial for investors and potential investors to consider some points in taking some policies suitable either with fuzzy trace theory or heuristic theory in risk taking.

scholarly journals Is the impact of high reward sensitivity and poor cognitive control on adolescent risk-taking more visible in rewarding conditions?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Fryt ◽  
Tomasz Smoleń ◽  
Karolina Czernecka ◽  
Monika Szczygieł ◽  
Amelia La Torre
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Reward Sensitivity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Reward ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAdolescents are expected to take more risks than adults. The presented study was designed to determine whether adolescent risk-taking results from high reward sensitivity and poor cognitive control. In particular, we aimed to examine whether the impact of these variables is more visible in rewarding than non-rewarding conditions. Ninety adolescents (aged 13–16) and 95 young adults (aged 20–28) took part in the study. We used a driving task in rewarded and non-rewarded conditions to measure risk-taking. We also used tasks measuring reward sensitivity, cognitive control and impulsivity. Additionally we used self-report measures of reward sensitivity, self-control and everyday risk-taking to see whether the effects observed for self-reports mimic the effects observed for behavioral tasks. We found that the higher the reward sensitivity, the more adolescents (but not adults) risk in the rewarded condition of a driving task. We found no impact of cognitive control or impulsivity on risk-taking, regardless of age and condition. At the self-report level, we found that the higher the reward sensitivity and the poorer the self-control, the more both adolescents and adults displayed everyday risk-taking behavior.

scholarly journals Relación entre la búsqueda de sensaciones y conductas de riesgo en adolescentes ecuatorianos desde una perspectiva de género

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Dalila Eslava Pérez ◽  
Ginesa López-Crespo ◽  
Enrique Espinoza Freire
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Conducta Sexual De Riesgo ◽  
Sensation Seeking Scale

El objetivo del estudio era conocer la relación entre las diferentes dimensiones de la variable de personalidad de búsqueda de sensaciones y algunas conductas de riesgo, concretamente el consumo de drogas y la conducta sexual de riesgo, en función del género de los participantes. Asimismo, se estudió si los consumos de las diferentes drogas y la conducta sexual de riesgo estaban relacionados entre sí. La muestra contó con 367 participantes de Ecuador (un 55.6% de chicos y un 44.4% de chicas) de entre 13 y 17 años. Se administraron algunos ítems de la escala The Adolescent Risk-Taking Questionnaire y la escala Sensation-Seeking Scale-V. Los resultados mostraron que la búsqueda de experiencias y la desinhibición son las dos dimensiones que mejor explican las conductas de consumo en ambos géneros y que estos explican la conducta sexual de riesgo en chicos pero no en chicas. Además, se encontró que el consumo de drogas y las conductas sexuales de riesgo presentaron relación en ambos casos. Se plantea así la necesidad de buscar alternativas para que aquellos jóvenes con más necesidad de experimentación canalicen esa característica hacia actividades saludables.

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