Conditioned Reaction Learning.

2007 ◽  
pp. 246-271
Author(s):  
John J. B. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Reaction

On the Instrumental Conditioned Reaction Evoked by Electrical Stimulation of the Hypothalamus

Science ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 130 (3371) ◽  
pp. 336-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. WYRWICKA ◽  
C. DOBRZECKA ◽  
R. TARNECKI
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Conditioned Reaction ◽  
Stimulation Of

Weak magnetic fields change extinction of a conditioned reaction and daytime melatonin levels in the rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Jentsch ◽  
Martina Lehmann ◽  
Elfrun Schöne ◽  
Franz Thoss ◽  
Gerolf Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Conditioned Reaction ◽  
Weak Magnetic Fields

scholarly journals Learning-induced plasticity in the barrel cortex is disrupted by inhibition of layer 4 somatostatin-containing interneurons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Dobrzanski ◽  
A Lukomska ◽  
R Zakrzewska ◽  
A Posluszny ◽  
D Kanigowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Conditioned Reaction ◽  
Functional Representation ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Plastic Changes ◽  
Plastic Change ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACTLearning-related plasticity in the cerebral cortex is linked to the action of disinhibitory circuits of interneurons. Pavlovian conditioning, in which stimulation of the vibrissae is used as conditioned stimulus, induces plastic enlargement of the cortical functional representation of vibrissae activated during conditioning, visualized with [14C]-2-deoxyglucose (2DG). Using layer-specific, cell-selective DREADD transductions, we examined the involvement of somatostatin- (SOM-INs) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP-INs)-containing interneurons in the development of learning-related plastic changes. We injected DREADD-expressing vectors into layer IV (L4) barrels or layer II/III (L2/3) areas corresponding to activated vibrissae. The activity of interneurons was modulated during training, and 2DG maps were obtained 24 h later. In mice with L4 but not L2/3 SOM-INs suppressed during conditioning, the plastic change of whisker representation and the conditioned reaction were absent. No effect of inhibiting VIP-INs was found. We report that the activity of L4 SOM-INs is indispensable for learning-induced plastic change.

Diagnosis of lung cancer by canine olfactory detection in urine and breath samples.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13067-e13067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Feil ◽  
Thorsten Stein ◽  
Andreas Forster ◽  
Irene Schmidtmann ◽  
Thomas Riemann-Seibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Conditioned Reaction ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Stages ◽  
Blinded Manner ◽  
Olfactory Detection ◽  
Double Blinded

e13067 Background: Lung cancer is the leading oncological cause of death in western countries. The WHO estimated 2.09 million newly diagnosed lung cancer patients in 2018 worldwide. Although early detection is crucial for patients outcome, no surveillance tools exist. Dogs have a highly sensitive olfactory system which is already used in several ways, such as drug and ketone detection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the capability of a classically conditioned domestic dog to accurately distinguish samples of lung cancer patients of all tumor stages in urine and breath from healthy controls. Methods: This monocentric clinical trial was an original study and approved by the local ethics committee. After conditioning a domestic dog with samples of 186 patients (36 cancer patients and 150 control patients), further 246 patients aged between 45 and 80 entered into the study: 41 patients with a histologically proven lung cancer comprising all different stages and 205 control samples of healthy individuals with no cancer history. Two urine and two breath samples were collected of each patient and immediately shock frozen at -80°C. Urine and breath samples were separately exposed to the dog in a randomized, double-blinded manner, resulting in a specific conditioned reaction indicating the cancer sample. Results: The dog correctly predicted cancer in 36 of 41 urine samples, corresponding to a sensitivity of 87.8% and a specificity of 97.6%. Concerning the breath samples, the dog correctly predicted cancer in 32 of 41 samples, corresponding to a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 95.6%. Combining both techniques, the dog correctly identified 40 of 41 cancer samples, leading to an overall sensitivity of 97.6%. The specificity is not evaluable. Conclusions: Urine and breath carry volatile organic compounds indicating cancer growth, as previously reported. Canine olfactory detection of lung cancer is a simple tool to detect lung cancer non-invasively. Further identification of target compounds for technical translation of this approach is under way, with the potential for the development of a bionic electronic nose.

Enhanced development of conditioned reaction during stimulation of amygdaloid complex in rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
N. V. Vol'f ◽  
S. B. Tsvetovskii ◽  
R. Yu. Il'yuchenok
Keyword(s):  
Amygdaloid Complex ◽  
Conditioned Reaction ◽  
Stimulation Of
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