Contextual risk across the early life span and association with antisocial behavior.

2004 ◽  
pp. 123-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Capaldi ◽  
David DeGarmo ◽  
Gerald R. Patterson ◽  
Marion Forgatch
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Contextual Risk

Perspectives

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Simpson ◽  
David Raubenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Nutritional Biology ◽  
Nutritional Immunology

This concluding chapter looks at some of the big issues that remain in nutritional biology. Exploding protein into its constituent amino acids means having to deal with 19 extra dimensions, which is fine in theory but daunting in practice. However, such an expansion is what will be needed to understand the mechanisms of protein appetite, the role of protein in aging, obesity, and immune function, or the behavioral and metabolic consequences of replacing marine-based animal proteins with plant-derived alternatives in the diets of farmed fish. The next step will be to associate primary response variables such as life span, disease susceptibility, and fecundity with associated physiological, metabolic, and geometric responses. Other issues include nutritional epigenetics and early-life prevention of metabolic disease, human obesity, nutritional immunology, and modeling nutritional interactions.

scholarly journals Effects of Early Life Stress on Epigenetic Changes of the Glucocorticoid Receptor 17 Promoter during Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6331
Author(s):  
Mi Kyoung Seo ◽  
Seon-gu Kim ◽  
Dae-Hyun Seog ◽  
Won-Myong Bahk ◽  
Seong-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Immobility Time

Growing evidence suggests that early life stress (ELS) has long-lasting effects on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and behavior via epigenetic changes of the GR exon 17 promoter. However, it remains unclear whether ELS regulates histone modifications of the GR exon 17 promoter across the life span. We investigated the effects of maternal separation (MS) on histone acetylation and methylation of GR exon 17 promoter in the hippocampus, according to the age of adults. Depression-like behavior and epigenetic regulation of GR expression were examined at young and middle adulthood in mice subjected to MS from postnatal day 1 to 21. In the forced swimming test, young adult MS mice showed no effect on immobility time, but middle-aged MS mice significantly increased immobility time. Young adult and middle-aged MS mice showed decreased GR expression. Their two ages showed decreased histone acetylation with increased histone deacetylases (HDAC5) levels, decreased permissive methylation, and increased repressive methylation at the GR exon 17 promoter. The extent of changes in gene expression and histone modification in middle adulthood was greater than in young adulthood. These results indicate that MS in early life causes long-term negative effects on behavior via histone modification of the GR gene across the life span.

Early Life Stress: Long-Term Physiological Impact in Rodents and Primates

Physiology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Pryce ◽  
Daniela Rüedi-Bettschen ◽  
Andrea C. Dettling ◽  
Joram Feldon
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Physiological Impact ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Rat, monkey, and human infants have evolved to expect certain patterns of care. Spontaneous or experimental deviations of care from the norm result in infant stress responses. Hyperactivity of immature stress systems such as the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the limbic-sympatho-adrenomedullary axis can alter their subsequent reactivity across the life span.

BIOLOGICAL FREUDIANISM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-800
Author(s):  
René Dubos ◽  
Dwayne Savage ◽  
Russell Schaedler
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Disturbances ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Usual Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Models ◽  
Newborn Animals

Many experiences of early life affect the biological characteristics of the adult in a lasting manner. This phenomenon has been illustrated by epidemiological observations in man and by several experimental models in mice. It has been shown, for example, that when newborn animals are nursed by mothers fed diets that are slightly inadequate, their size remains subnormal throughout their life span, even though the young are fed an optimum diet after weaning. A similar depression of growth can be produced by subclinical infections shortly after birth. Decrease in resistance to various forms of stress can be brought about in young animals by various types of nutritional and environmental disturbances so mild that their effects are not recognized when the animals are maintained under usual laboratory conditions. These findings indicate the possibility of devising laboratory models for the analysis of many puzzling sociomedical problems.

Developmental basis of disease: environmental impacts

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Collman
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Developmental Origins Of Disease ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Early Life Exposures

Exposure to environmental chemicals and other environmental stressors have health impacts on the fetus that may not be apparent until later in life. The concept of developmental origins of disease should be expanded to include these early life exposures in addition to the effects of nutrition and maternal factors. This paper will describe the toxicological, biological and epidemiological issues that are pertinent to conducting research on environmental exposures early in life and their health consequences over the life span.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document