Carts and Horses: Nonverbal Measures and Hypotheses

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne LaFrance
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Measures

Variability of Executive Function Performance in Preschoolers with Developmental Language Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 243-255
Author(s):  
Leah L. Kapa ◽  
Jessie A. Erikson
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Memory Inhibition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nonverbal Measures

AbstractAlthough results vary across individual studies, a large body of evidence suggests that children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have domain-general deficits in executive function compared with peers with typically developing language. Poorer performance for children with DLD has been reported on verbal and nonverbal measures of sustained selective attention, working memory, inhibition, and shifting. However, examination of the variability of task scores among both children with and without DLD reveals a wide range of executive function performance for both groups. Additionally, using executive function scores to classify children into DLD versus typical groups results in classification accuracy that is not clinically useful. This evidence indicates that group-level differences in executive function abilities between children with and without DLD cannot be applied at the individual level. Many children with DLD appear to have intact executive function abilities, which undermines the possibility that poor executive functioning causes language deficits in this population. However, a substantial number of children with DLD also have executive function deficits, and, therefore, therapy approaches with this population should consider both their language and executive function abilities.

scholarly journals Applying an Integrative Framework of Executive Function to Preschoolers With Specific Language Impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 2170-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah L. Kapa ◽  
Elena Plante ◽  
Kevin Doubleday
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Memory Inhibition ◽  
Nonverbal Measures

Purpose The first goal of this research was to compare verbal and nonverbal executive function abilities between preschoolers with and without specific language impairment (SLI). The second goal was to assess the group differences on 4 executive function components in order to determine if the components may be hierarchically related as suggested within a developmental integrative framework of executive function. Method This study included 26 4- and 5-year-olds diagnosed with SLI and 26 typically developing age- and sex-matched peers. Participants were tested on verbal and nonverbal measures of sustained selective attention, working memory, inhibition, and shifting. Results The SLI group performed worse compared with typically developing children on both verbal and nonverbal measures of sustained selective attention and working memory, the verbal inhibition task, and the nonverbal shifting task. Comparisons of standardized group differences between executive function measures revealed a linear increase with the following order: working memory, inhibition, shifting, and sustained selective attention. Conclusion The pattern of results suggests that preschoolers with SLI have deficits in executive functioning compared with typical peers, and deficits are not limited to verbal tasks. A significant linear relationship between group differences across executive function components supports the possibility of a hierarchical relationship between executive function skills.

scholarly journals Visceral States Call for Visceral Measures: Verbal Overshadowing of Hunger Ratings Across Assessment Modalities

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasey G. Creswell ◽  
Michael A. Sayette ◽  
Jonathan W. Schooler ◽  
Aidan G. C. Wright ◽  
Laura E. Pacilio
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
First Report ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
Verbal Overshadowing ◽  
Embodied Experiences ◽  
Nonverbal Measures ◽  
Verbal Measure

We introduce a nonverbal “visceral” measure of hunger (i.e., squeezing a handheld dynamometer) and provide the first evidence of verbal overshadowing effects in this visceral domain. We presented 106 participants with popcorn and recorded their hunger levels in one of three conditions: (1) first report hunger using a traditional self-report rating scale (i.e., verbal measure) and then indicate hunger by squeezing a dynamometer (i.e., nonverbal measure), (2) first indicate hunger nonverbally and then indicate hunger verbally, or (3) indicate hunger only nonverbally. As hypothesized, nonverbal measures of hunger predicted subsequent eating behavior when they were uncontaminated by verbal measures—either because they preceded verbal measures of hunger or because they were the sole measure of hunger. Moreover, nonverbal measures of hunger were a better predictor of eating behavior than verbal measures. Implications of the study for communicating embodied experiences in a way that escapes the confines of symbolic representations are discussed.

Cognitive Effects of Unilateral Brain Lesions Secondary to Penetrating Missile Wounds

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. William Black
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Nonverbal Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Unilateral Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

The WAIS verbal and nonverbal subtest performance of Ss with unilateral brain lesions secondary to penetrating missile wounds was examined and compared with that of normal controls. The performance of matched right- and left-hemisphere lesion Ss differed significantly on only two verbal and one nonverbal measures, however, all performance differences were in the direction hypothesized. The performance of right-hemisphere lesioned and control Ss differed significantly on all measures, with consistently lower scores by brain-injured Ss, while the performance of left-hemisphere and control Ss differed significantly on the three verbal measures and WAIS Full Scale IQ. These results are in general agreement with previous reports using a similar research design and tend to support the hypothesis of differential impairment of verbal and nonverbal test performance in Ss with unilateral brain lesions.

Sounds of Power and Deference: Acoustic Analysis of Macro Social Constraints on Micro Interaction

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanford W. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Sociology Of Emotions ◽  
Interaction Ritual ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
Nonverbal Measures ◽  
Spectrum Model

In Goffman's introduction to Interaction Ritual, he implores sociologists “to identify the countless patterns and natural sequences of behavior occurring whenever persons come into one another's immediate presence.” This article, in addressing Goffman's entreaty, amalgamates a number of sociological theories on interaction ritual from Durkheim and Goffman with others in contemporary literatures in the sociology of emotions and social psychology to describe a set of “patterns and natural sequences of behavior” imbedded in voices of interaction partners. These patterns are shown to establish an element of social structure, and this research describes an objective method of identifying and measuring this element that previously was known on a qualitative basis alone. A social status ordering pattern founded upon interpersonal deference and power relations is identified through analysis of acoustic energy levels in voices of interview partners. Nonverbal measures are performed using a dual-channel Fast Fourier Transform analyzer and results are explained using a carrier spectrum model. This report sets forth an interesting new way of objectively measuring the macro social constraints on micro interaction.

Genetic and environmental influences on verbal and nonverbal measures of the Big Five

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 884-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Moore ◽  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
Sampo V. Paunonen ◽  
Philip A. Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Nonverbal Measures
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