Review of Selecting Effective Treatment: A Comprehensive, Systematic Guide to Treating Adult Mental Disorders.

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 730-730
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Effective Treatment

scholarly journals Theoretical Applications of the MODE Model to Law Enforcement Training and Interventions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-611
Author(s):  
Keith L. Zabel ◽  
Kevin L. Zabel ◽  
Michael A. Olson ◽  
Jessica H. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Law Enforcement Training ◽  
Media Messages

As discussed in the focal article, numerous research studies have supported the existence of automatic or implicit racial bias (Ruggs et al., 2016). In this commentary, we argue that examining implicit bias through the perspective of the motivation and opportunity as determinants (MODE) model (see Fazio & Olson, 2014, for a review) offers a framework for industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists to design and implement strategies that reduce the number of violent interactions between police and communities. The MODE model has been applied to areas such as interpersonal relationships (McNulty, Olson, Meltzer, & Shaffer, 2013), effective treatment of mental disorders (Vasey, Harbaugh, Buffington, Jones, & Fazio, 2012), and crafting of media messages (Ewoldsen, Rhodes, & Fazio, 2015), as well as racial prejudice (Olson & Fazio, 2004). Below, we elaborate on how the I-O-related strategies and interventions described in the focal article can be captured by the components of the MODE model and highlight which interventions may be most efficacious in reducing discriminatory police officer behavior.

The proper place of subjectivity, meaning, and folk psychology in psychiatry

2020 ◽  
pp. 290-303
Author(s):  
Doug McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Folk Psychology ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Discursive Interaction

‘The proper place of subjectivity, meaning, and folk psychology in psychiatry’ argues that Steven Hyman’s vision for psychiatry is excessively bioreductive. Hyman wrongly assumes that conceptual mental content is reducible to brain state descriptions and mistakes the neural vehicle of content for the content itself. Once we see that conceptual content, including the referents of folk psychology, shape brain activity, it becomes clear that content itself (or a lack of it) can be pathological. Therefore, treatment will sometimes be effective, even curative, by addressing that content through discursive interaction with the patient qua person. Diagnosis and effective treatment of mental disorders cannot just focus on neurobiology, as Hyman claims, both processes must also consider conceptual content and the complex interactions between content and the neurobiology instantiating it.

scholarly journals Defining agitation in the cognitively impaired–a work in progress

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Edmond Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Track Record

The International Psychogeriatric Association (IPA) being the leading international organization in the promotion of mental health and effective treatment of mental disorders in the elderly, has a long standing enviable tradition and track record in providing leadership in this field.

scholarly journals Brain space and time in mental disorders: Paradigm shift in biological psychiatry

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A Fingelkurts ◽  
Alexander A Fingelkurts
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biological Psychiatry ◽  
To Come

Contemporary psychiatry faces serious challenges because it has failed to incorporate accumulated knowledge from basic neuroscience, neurophilosophy, and brain–mind relation studies. As a consequence, it has limited explanatory power, and effective treatment options are hard to come by. A new conceptual framework for understanding mental health based on underlying neurobiological spatial-temporal mechanisms of mental disorders (already gained by the experimental studies) is beginning to emerge.

The Beauty of Delusions

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2013-2013
Author(s):  
M. Musalek
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

As cosmopoets we create our world - but we do not create our world independently from our surroundings. What we are doing is not a poetry work in the sense of arbitrary inventions, but an attempt to transfer extensively and intensively psychical processes into communicable events. Patients suffering from delusions are also cosmopoets, they also create their world. It is a more or less understandable world, it is a world which is more or less similar to the world of the non-deluded, and it is a world which on the one hand terrorizes the patient but on the other hand attracts the patient by its sublime beauty. In this context W.Janzarik spoke from an ‘enemy/partnership’ of patients with delusions of persecution. The deluded world is a non-contingent terrifying but also in any case at least to some extent a beautiful and attractive world. Thrown in the risky and ugly world of mental disorders characterized by ambiguity and precariousness, patients are looking for islands of safety and sublime beauty; such islands may represent delusional convictions. As meanings of the disorder and the resulting ambivalence between attractiveness and suffering represent important disorder maintaining factors, knowledge about them provide the indispensable basis for effective treatment strategies (in particular psychotherapy) of delusional syndromes.

The Role of Causal Knowledge in Reasoning About Mental Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-kyoung Ahn ◽  
Nancy S. Kim ◽  
Matthew S. Lebowitz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Causal Knowledge ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Scientific Consensus ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Do So

Despite the lack of scientific consensus about the etiologies of mental disorders, practicing clinicians and laypeople alike hold beliefs about the causes of mental disorders, and about the causal relations among symptoms and associated characteristics of mental disorders. This chapter summarizes research on how such causal knowledge systematically affects judgments about the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of mental disorders. During diagnosis, causal knowledge affects weighting of symptoms, perception of normality of behaviors, ascriptions of blame, and adherence to the DSM-based diagnostic categories. Regarding prognosis, attributing mental disorders to genetic or neurobiological abnormalities in particular engenders prognostic pessimism. Finally, both clinicians and laypeople endorse medication more strongly as an effective treatment if they believe mental disorders are biologically caused rather than psychologically caused. They also do so when considering disorders in the abstract versus equivalent concrete cases. The chapter discusses the rationality, potential mechanisms, and universality of these phenomena.

Pseudocyesis as a cause of abdomen enlargement in a female adolescent

Open Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veselin Škrabić ◽  
Željka Vlastelica ◽  
Zoran Vučinović
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
History Of

AbstractPseudocyesis is a rare condition in the pediatric population characterized by all signs and symptoms of pregnancy except the existence of a fetus [1]. In some patients it is associated with organic etiology, in others with mental disorders, also occurs in those without disorders in their medical history. Pseudocyesis occurs in both sexes, but more frequently in women. An effective treatment is a combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy with antidepressants and antipsychotics [2]. We present a 15,9-year old girl with pseudocyesis as a cause of abdomen enlargement, who comes from an ordinary family with a negative history of psychiatric illness. The organic etiology of her condition was excluded, and therefore she was treated with antidepressants which contributed to the resolution of her case.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

Qualitative Examination of Children's Naming Skills through Test Adaptations

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Fried-Oken
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Treatment Goals ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Naming Test

A new procedure entitled the Double Administration Naming Technique is proposed to assist the clinician in obtaining qualitative information about a client's visual confrontation naming skills. It involves the administration of the standard naming test followed by a readministration of the instrument. A series of naming cues then are presented. By examining the number and types of naming errors produced during the two test presentations, the clinician distinguishes word-finding problems from expressive vocabulary limitations and qualitatively describes the language disorder. The cues that facilitate correct naming are used to plan effective treatment goals.

Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Norma Leclair ◽  
Steve Leclair ◽  
Robert Barth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract Chapter 14, Mental and Behavioral Disorders, in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, defines a process for assessing permanent impairment, including providing numeric ratings, for persons with specific mental and behavioral disorders. These mental disorders are limited to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders, and this chapter focuses on the evaluation of brain functioning and its effects on behavior in the absence of evident traumatic or disease-related objective central nervous system damage. This article poses and answers questions about the sixth edition. For example, this is the first since the second edition (1984) that provides a numeric impairment rating, and this edition establishes a standard, uniform template to translate human trauma or disease into a percentage of whole person impairment. Persons who conduct independent mental and behavioral evaluation using this chapter should be trained in psychiatry or psychology; other users should be experienced in psychiatric or psychological evaluations and should have expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders. The critical first step in determining a mental or behavioral impairment rating is to document the existence of a definitive diagnosis based on the current edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The article also enumerates the psychiatric disorders that are considered ratable in the sixth edition, addresses use of the sixth edition during independent medical evaluations, and answers additional questions.

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