Current Trends in Mental Retardation Research

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-694
Author(s):  
Herman H. Spitz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Current Trends

Speech and Prosody Characteristics of Adults with Mental Retardation

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg ◽  
Carol J. Widder
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Continuous Speech ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Phonetic Transcription ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Intervention Programming

Audio-recorded continuous speech samples from forty 20–50-year-old noninstitutionalized persons with mental retardation were selected from a database of 192 samples. Descriptive data on segmental and suprasegmental characteristics were obtained using close phonetic transcription as input to linguistic analyses software. For this sample of adults with mental retardation, speech and prosody status were not statistically associated with gender or gross level of mental retardation, but were associated with estimated probability of independent living. Speech and prosody analyses and content analyses of transcribers’ comments yielded diacritic-level profiles of these speakers’ linguistic and paralinguistic behaviors in continuous speech. Additional analyses of the error data tested alternative sources of processing involvement within a four-stage speech production model. A cognitive capacity constraint, which limits the speaker’s ability to allocate resources to phonological encoding, is proposed as a sufficient explanation for the obtained pattern of token-to-token inconsistency of articulation. An additional sociolinguistic constraint is hypothesized to account for reduced prosodic and paralinguistic competence in continuous discourse. Both constraints are amenable to intervention programming. Findings fail to support the view that the potential for long-term speech prosody competence in individuals with mental retardation is limited by speech-motor constraints. Discussion includes intervention considerations in the context of current trends in special education.

Jansky-Bielschowsky syndrome, a lysosomal disease: First diagnosed cash in Oman

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 632-633
Author(s):  
Line Buhl ◽  
David Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis ◽  
Infantile Form ◽  
Lysosomal Disease ◽  
Juvenile Form ◽  
Progressive Encephalopathy ◽  
Lysosomal Diseases

There are four lysosomal diseases of which the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is the rarest. The clinical presentation and their characteric abnormal ultrastructure subdivide them into four types. These are known as the Infantile form (Santavuori-Haltia), Late infantile form (Jansky-Bielschowsky), Juvenile form (Batten-Spielmeyer-Voght) and the Adult form (Kuph's).An 8 year old Omani girl presented wth myclonic jerks since the age of 4 years, with progressive encephalopathy, mental retardation, ataxia and loss of vision. An ophthalmoscopy was performed followed by rectal suction biopsies (fig. 1). A previous sibling had died of an undiagnosed neurological disorder with a similar clinical picture.

Current Trends in the Training and Utilization of Paraprofessionals in Speech and Language Programs

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy L. Coufal ◽  
Allen L. Steckelberg ◽  
Stanley F. Vasa
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Job Descriptions ◽  
Paraprofessional Training ◽  
Language Programs ◽  
Program Administrators ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Training And Supervision ◽  
Communicative Disorders ◽  
Supervision Practices ◽  
A Current

Administrators of programs for children with communicative disorders in 11 midwestern states were surveyed to assess trends in the training and utilization of paraprofessionals. Topics included: (a) current trends in employment, (b) paraprofessional training, (c) use of ASHA and state guidelines, and (d) district policies for supervision. Selection criteria, use of job descriptions, training programs, and supervision practices and policies were examined. Results indicate that paraprofessionals are used but that standards for training and supervision are not consistently applied across all programs. Program administrators report minimal training for supervising professionals.

The Graduate Dysphagia Course: Opening the Door to New Frontiers

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Karen A. Ball ◽  
Luis F. Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Student ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Approaches To Teaching ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Graduate Curriculum ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Language Pathology

A graduate-level course in dysphagia is an integral part of the graduate curriculum in speech-language pathology. There are many challenges to meeting the needs of current graduate student clinicians, thus requiring the instructor to explore alternatives. These challenges, suggested paradigm shifts, and potential available solutions are explored. Current trends, lack of evidence for current methods, and the variety of approaches to teaching the dysphagia course are presented.

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