Dynamics Of Larval Herring (Clupea Harengus L.) Production In Tidally Mixed Waters Of The Eastern Coastal Gulf Of Maine

2013 ◽  
pp. 253-277
Author(s):  
D.W. Townsend ◽  
J.J. Graham ◽  
D.K. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Clupea Harengus

In situ acoustic estimates of the swimbladder volume of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Redwood W. Nero ◽  
Charles H. Thompson ◽  
J. Michael Jech
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Neutral Buoyancy ◽  
Fish Weight ◽  
Neutrally Buoyant ◽  
Boyle’S Law

Abstract Acoustic measurements at 1.5–5 kHz on fish in the Gulf of Maine showed a swimbladder-resonance peak near 2.5 kHz at 160–190-m depth. Midwater trawls confirmed that the fish were likely to be Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) of 19–29 cm length. Calculation using a model of swimbladder resonance gives swimbladder volumes of 1.2% of fish weight at 160–190 m. Extrapolation of this volume of gas using Boyle's Law suggests that at the sea surface, these herring would need to inflate their swimbladders by up to five to six times the volume required for neutral buoyancy. If these fish were to maintain this volume of gas with surface “gulping”, they would need to submerge from the sea surface with a 30% excess buoyancy. In general, swimbladders of the Clupeidae may have greater volumes of gas than if the fish were neutrally buoyant at the sea surface and the interpretation of HF-echosounder surveys may be additionally complex when the volume of gas and swimbladder volume are difficult to predict. Mechanisms of how herring obtain additional swimbladder gas are discussed.

A Fungus Disease in Fishes of the Gulf of Maine

Parasitology ◽  
1934 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic F. Fish
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Direct Cross ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fungus Disease

1. A fungus disease of epidemic proportions was found in the common sea herring (Clupea harengus) throughout the Gulf of Maine.2. The fungus was also found to infect the common winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) and the alewife (Pomobolus pseudoharengus).3. The causative agent was found to be a species of fungus belonging to the genus Ichthyosporidium Caullery and Mesnil (1905). The specific name is tentatively accepted as hoferi Plehn and Muslow (1911).4. The organism is believed to be a normal parasite to the herring and reaches epidemic proportions only when certain unknown factors are operative.5. The causative organism was found in herring preserved in 1926, and it is believed that the epidemic has been increasing in severity since that time.6. It is believed that such an epidermic, once initiated, increases in severity, reaches a peak, and subsides to a subpatent level. The peak is believed to have been reached in 1931.7. The life history and effects of the organism in the herring and flounder are described.8. The herring is believed to acquire the infection by the ingestion of parasites liberated from fish in the same school.9. The flounder is believed to acquire the infection by the consumption of infected herring.10. The alewife is beleived to acquire the infection by ingestion of the parasite during its infrequent association with the herring.11. Infection is believed to be established by way of the alimentary canal and, once established, to spread throughout the host by way of the blood stream or the lymphatics.12. Direct cross infection from the herring to the flounder establishes the theory that the parasites in these two hosts are one and the same organism.13. Direct cross infection experiments from the herring to the flounder eliminate the necessity of an intermediate host.14. There is no reason to believe that this parasite is capable of infecting warm-blooded animals.

scholarly journals Seabird diets as bioindicators of Atlantic herring recruitment and stock size: a new tool for ecosystem-based fisheries management

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1215-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Scopel ◽  
Antony W. Diamond ◽  
Stephen W. Kress ◽  
Adrian R. Hards ◽  
Paula Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Fishery Management ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
Fishery Data ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

Ecosystem-based fishery management requires understanding of relationships between exploited fish and their predators, such as seabirds. We used exploratory regression analyses to model relationships between Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the diet of seabird chicks at nine nesting colonies in the Gulf of Maine and four types of fishery- and survey-derived herring data. We found several strong relationships, which suggests spatial structuring in herring stocks and likely patterns of herring movements before they recruit into the fishery. Some types of herring data seldom used in stock assessments — notably acoustic surveys, fixed-gear landings, and mass-at-age (i.e., weight-at-age) — correlated as strongly with seabird data as more commonly used series, such as mobile-gear landings and modeled spawning stock biomass. Seabird chick diets collected at specific locations thus offer a promising means to assess the size, distribution, and abundance of juvenile herring across a broad area prior to recruitment, which is a major source of uncertainty in fisheries. Common terns (Sterna hirundo) showed the most potential as a bioindicator, correlating well and showing consistent spatial patterns with 11 of 13 fishery data series.

Further Study of Larval Herring (Clupea harengus L.) in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Tibbo ◽  
J. E. Henri Legaré
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Southwest Coast ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Northern Edge

Plankton surveys in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine in 1958 and 1959 indicated that the largest herring spawning areas in this region are on the northern edge of Georges Bank and off the southwest coast of Nova Scotia. The drift of larvae from the spawning grounds as indicated by increasing size and by the direction of non-tidal surface currents suggest that Bay of Fundy herring stocks are supplied chiefly from the Nova Scotia spawnings.

Environmental Effects on Recruitment, Growth, and Vulnerability of Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus harengus) in the Gulf of Maine Region

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. s158-s173 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Anthony ◽  
M. J. Fogarty
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Virtual Population Analysis ◽  
Virtual Population ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus

Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) recruitment in the Gulf of Maine since 1947 has varied by a ratio of 20 to 1. Since heavy fishing began in the mid-1960's, recruitment has fluctuated by only a factor of 9 to 1. The greatest fluctuations in recruitment, therefore, historically occurred in the absence of high fishing mortality. Recruitment predictions and understanding of the causes of fluctuations are extremely important, since strong year classes traditionally have sustained the herring fisheries in the Gulf of Maine. The effect of environmental variables (particularly temperature) on herring recruitment and growth were examined in detail. Vulnerability of Gulf of Maine herring in response to moon phase is also considered. Indices of abundance of Atlantic herring in the Gulf of Maine were calculated for three time periods using three different procedures. Indices of abundance for the periods of 1915–67 and 1951–81 indicated that productivity, or amount of recruitment per amount of spawning stock, was positively related to temperature or other factors (e.g. food availability) related to temperature at intermediate to high levels of spawning stock biomass. For the shorter and most recent time period (1965–81), abundance was calculated by virtual population analysis and an attempt was made to relate temperature effects during several periods in the first year of life to recruitment levels at age 2. The mean, maximum, and minimum water temperatures during (1) September–December (spawning – early larval development), (2) January–April (overwintering and late larval development), and (3) May–August (postlarval) periods were correlated with abundance. Significant effects of mean and minimum temperature during period 2 and minimum temperature during period 3 were observed, suggesting that environmental influences on determination of year class strength occur during late larval – early juvenile phases. Possible reasons for the discrepancy between the long-term analyses bases on abundance indices and the more detailed analyses using population size estimates based on virtual population analysis are discussed. An indication of environmental limitation is also shown by density-dependent growth. Growth appears to be related to both age 2 abundance and summer water temperature. When abundance is great, its effect overcomes the positive effect of temperature (or other factors indicated by temperature). The environment also alters the availability and vulnerability of herring to the inshore fisheries. Young herring are more available and vulnerable to fixed gear during the dark phase of the moon. This effect is pronounced when abundance is low.

Distribution of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) postsmolts of different origins in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine and evaluation of factors affecting migration, growth, and survival

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1363-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles L Lacroix ◽  
Derek Knox
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmon Lice

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) postsmolts surveyed by surface trawling in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine during 2001–2003 were aggregated in several areas in the Bay of Fundy and dispersed over a broader area in the Gulf of Maine. Postsmolt distribution reflected the major surface-current vectors and was independent of origin (wild vs. hatchery, inner vs. outer Bay of Fundy). Migration proceeded without disruption, and marked wild postsmolts from both the inner and outer Bay of Fundy were recaptured in the outer Bay of Fundy and the Gulf of Maine, where their distribution overlapped the commercial fishery for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). Marked postsmolts of wild origin were recaptured more frequently than those of hatchery origin but the overall density was low, and no schools of postsmolts were encountered that could offer protection from predators. Temperature and salinity in postsmolt habitat were favourable for growth and survival. Postsmolts were in excellent condition and had no bacterial or viral pathogens or salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). They were feeding on pelagic prey (amphipods, euphausiids, and fish larvae) and the period of accelerated marine growth had started, indicating that environmental conditions and food supply were not limiting growth and survival.

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