Solar modulation of galactic cosmic ray electrons, protons, and alphas

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (13) ◽  
pp. 1701-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon J. Fulks
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

scholarly journals Solar modulation of the deep space galactic cosmic ray lineal energy spectrum measured by CRaTER, 2009–2014

Space Weather ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Zeitlin ◽  
A. W. Case ◽  
N. A. Schwadron ◽  
H. E. Spence ◽  
J. E. Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Lineal Energy ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

scholarly journals Solar Modulation Effects in Terrestrial Production of Carbon-14

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Castagnoli ◽  
Devendra Lal
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Cosmic Ray Modulation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Secular Variations ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray ◽  
Long Term Variations

This paper is concerned with the expected deviations in the production rate of natural 14C on the earth due to changes in solar activity. We review the published estimates of the global production rates of 14C due to galactic and solar cosmic ray particles, and present new estimates of the expected secular variations in 14C production, taking into account the latest information available on galactic cosmic ray modulation and long-term variations in solar activity.

scholarly journals Latitude survey investigation of galactic cosmic ray solar modulation during 1994-2007

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waraporn Nuntiyakul ◽  
Paul Evenson ◽  
David Ruffolo ◽  
A. Saiz ◽  
J. W. Bieber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

Solar Modulation of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Protons Based on a Modified Force-field Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 921 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Zhenning Shen ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Pingbing Zuo ◽  
Gang Qin ◽  
Fengsi Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Force Field ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Field Approach ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

LATITUDE SURVEY INVESTIGATION OF GALACTIC COSMIC RAY SOLAR MODULATION DURING 1994-2007

2014 ◽  
Vol 795 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Nuntiyakul ◽  
P. Evenson ◽  
D. Ruffolo ◽  
A. Sáiz ◽  
J. W. Bieber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

scholarly journals Galactic Cosmic Ray induced absorbed dose rate in deep space – Accounting for detector size, shape, material, as well as for the solar modulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. A14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saša Banjac ◽  
Lars Berger ◽  
Sönke Burmeister ◽  
Jingnan Guo ◽  
Bernd Heber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Field ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

Depending on the radiation field, the absorbed dose rate can depend significantly upon the size of the detectors or the phantom used in the models. In deep space (interplanetary medium) the radiation field is on avarage dominated by Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) nuclei. Here, the deep space dose rate that a typical small silicon slab detector measures is compared to a larger phantom corresponding to an ICRU sphere with a 15 cm radius composed of water. To separate and understand respective effects from the composition, size and shape differences in the detectors, this comparison is implemented in several steps. For each phantom, the absorbed dose rate due to GCR nuclei up to Z = 28, as a function of solar modulation conditions, is calculated. The main components of the GCR flux are protons, followed by helium nuclei and electrons, with Z > 2 nuclei accounting for approximately 1% of the total number of particles. Among the light nuclei with Z > 2, most abundant ones are C, N and O. In this study, we use the GEANT4 model to calculate the absorbed dose (energy deposited as ionization, divided by mass) due to the GCR flux provided by the Badhwar-O’Neill 2010 (BON-10) model. Furthermore, we investigate how the determined absorbed dose rate changes throughout the solar cycle by varying the GCR models from solar minimum to solar maximum conditions. The developed model is validated against the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) microdosimeter measurements. In our current approach, we do not consider the effects of shielding, which will always be present under realistic scenarios. A second goal of this study is to quantify the contribution of each Z = 1, …, 28 GCR nuclei to absorbed dose rate, in relation to the phantom characteristics. For each Z we determine the most relevant energy range in the GCR spectra for absorbed dose rate estimations. Furthermore, we calculate a solar modulation dependent conversion factor to convert absorbed dose rate measured in silicon to absorbed dose rate in water. This information will improve our understanding of the radiation environment due to GCR in the near-Earth deep space and also benefit further modeling efforts by limiting the number and energy range of primary particle species that have to be considered.

Overview of galactic cosmic ray solar modulation in the AMS-02 era

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bindi ◽  
C. Corti ◽  
C. Consolandi ◽  
J. Hoffman ◽  
K. Whitman
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray
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