A New Test for Solar Modulation Theory: the 1972 May-July Low-Energy Galactic Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Spectra

1973 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. L81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Garcia-Munoz ◽  
G. M. Mason ◽  
J. A. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Modulation Theory ◽  
Helium Spectra ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

Are Anomalous Cosmic Rays the Main Contribution to the Low-Energy Galactic Cosmic Ray Spectrum?

2008 ◽  
Vol 680 (2) ◽  
pp. L105-L108 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Scherer ◽  
H. Fichtner ◽  
S. E. S. Ferreira ◽  
I. Büsching ◽  
M. S. Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Anomalous Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

scholarly journals Solar modulation of the deep space galactic cosmic ray lineal energy spectrum measured by CRaTER, 2009–2014

Space Weather ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Zeitlin ◽  
A. W. Case ◽  
N. A. Schwadron ◽  
H. E. Spence ◽  
J. E. Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Lineal Energy ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

scholarly journals Solar Modulation Effects in Terrestrial Production of Carbon-14

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Castagnoli ◽  
Devendra Lal
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Cosmic Ray Modulation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Secular Variations ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray ◽  
Long Term Variations

This paper is concerned with the expected deviations in the production rate of natural 14C on the earth due to changes in solar activity. We review the published estimates of the global production rates of 14C due to galactic and solar cosmic ray particles, and present new estimates of the expected secular variations in 14C production, taking into account the latest information available on galactic cosmic ray modulation and long-term variations in solar activity.

Cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra and solar modulation effects in the new solar cycle measured with a four-element counter telescope

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S883-S886 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ormes ◽  
W. R. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Geometrical Factor ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Primary Proton ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Helium Spectra ◽  
Counter Telescope

In the summers of 1965 and 1966 we have continued our studies begun in 1963 on the primary proton and helium spectra and the effects of solar modulation. Data are available from four additional balloon flights at Fort Churchill using the earlier version of the Cerenkov-scintillation counter telescope (Ormes and Webber 1966), and a new four-element double-scintillation (dE/dx), Cerenkov-scintillation + range telescope. This latest telescope employs pulse-height analysis on both dE/dx counters and the Cerenkov-scintillation counter. Various consistency requirements may be set between pulse heights. These serve to reduce background effects by an order of magnitude over the previous system. The geometrical factor of the telescope is 55.4 sr cm2. The results reported here will cover the proton and helium spectra from 100 MeV/nucleon to 2 BeV/nucleon and their time variation. They will show that the fractional changes in the differential proton spectra can be represented by (rigidity)−1 both before and after the sunspot minimum and that there is no evidence for any hysteresis effects between protons of 100 MeV to 2 BeV and energies to which neutron monitors respond.

scholarly journals Latitude survey investigation of galactic cosmic ray solar modulation during 1994-2007

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waraporn Nuntiyakul ◽  
Paul Evenson ◽  
David Ruffolo ◽  
A. Saiz ◽  
J. W. Bieber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

Modulation of low-energy galactic cosmic-ray hydrogen and helium

1964 ◽  
Vol 69 (15) ◽  
pp. 3293-3295 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Fichtel ◽  
D. E. Guss ◽  
D. A. Kniffen ◽  
K. A. Neelakantan
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

Low-energy cosmic-ray heavy nuclei during the time of solar minimum

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S598-S600
Author(s):  
E. Tamai ◽  
M. Tsubomatsu ◽  
K. Ogura
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Atmospheric Depth ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Multiply Charged ◽  
Α Particles

Nuclear emulsions were exposed at 2.3 g cm−2 atmospheric depth over Fort Churchill in 1965. These emulsions have been examined for the tracks of multiply-charged [Formula: see text] nuclei, with emphasis being paid particularly to those particles that stopped in the emulsions. Differential energy spectra of α particles and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]and [Formula: see text] nuclei were obtained in the energy interval 60–550 MeV/nucleon. They represent experimental results during the period when solar modulation effects were at a minimum. The fluxes of α particles and L, M, and H nuclei for energy intervals of 60–170, 100–400, 100–525, and 140–550 MeV/nucleon were found to be 20.9 ± 1.2, 2.4 ± 0.4, 4.8 ± 0.6, and 2.5 ± 0.4 particles m−2 sr−1 s−1, respectively. The results also show that the L/M and H/M ratios at the top of the atmosphere were 0.56 ± 0.16 and 0.34 ± 0.13 respectively, in the energy range from 140 to 350 MeV/nucleon. These values are appreciably greater than those observed at higher energies.

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