Determining the Resistivity of a Resistant Layer in the Crust

2013 ◽  
pp. 440-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
George V. Keller ◽  
Robert B. Furgerson
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Layer

Static Electroplating of Iron Triad on Fastener Washers

2021 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 275-283
Author(s):  
Koay Mei Hyie ◽  
Salina Budin ◽  
Normariah Che Maideen ◽  
Yudi Rahmawan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Protection Layer ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Resistant Layer ◽  
Corrosion Protection Coating ◽  
Protection Coating

Fasteners are commonly used in construction industry for parts joining purpose. There are many types of construction fasteners such as stud, bolt, anchor, nut, screw, and washer. The major problem of the fastener made by carbon steel is the poor resistance to corrosion. Electroplating is a simple yet low-cost tool to give a strong corrosion protection coating layer on the carbon steel. This study was performed to investigate the effect of current and deposition time on the iron triad (cobalt-nickel-iron) electroplating on the fastener washer. The experiment was conducted at 50 °C, pH 1-3 and at different electroplating time (30 minutes to 90 minutes) and current (0.2 A to 0.5 A). Burnt-out surface coating was observed on the fastener washer when the current was more than 0.4 A. A field test was carried out for 60 days to observe the corrosion behavior and performance of the products. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that a thin protection layer with 5.64 µm was formed at 60 minutes of electroplating time and 0.4 A of current. The surface roughness of the fastener washer was increased by increasing the electroplating time and current. The hardness was also improved with higher current and electroplating time if compared to the original fastener washer. The result of this study confirmed that a strong adhesive corrosion resistant layer to the fastener washer was using the current of 0.4 A (77 mA/cm2) and the electroplating time of 60 minutes.

Influence of the method of accounting for pore pressure in the water-resistant layer on the calculation of foundation precipitation

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Alexander Тrufanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Resistant Layer

Рассматривается факторы, влияющие на расчет осадки фундамента условного здания в связи с учетом природного порового давления в водоупорных слоях. Приведено сравнение расчета осадки фундамента условного здания с учетом и без учета порового давления методом послойного суммирования и методом конечных элементов. Определены основные факторы влияния порового давления на величину расчетной осадки: размер сжимаемой зоны, модуль деформации и параметры переуплотнения грунтов. Отмечено разнонаправленное действие факторов на величину расчетной осадки.

Research on Spiral Drill Stabilizer Wear-Resisting Layer Repair Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 373-376
Author(s):  
Gao Wei Zhang ◽  
Guan Wei Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Repair Technology ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Interpolation Technique ◽  
Resistant Layer ◽  
Spiral Surface

This paper introduced the repair methods of wear-resistant layer of the drilling tool stabilizer, and proposed a simple fitting method for spiral drill stabilizer wear belt, fitting of spatial spiral surface is essence of the space spiral curve fitting, for a pitch fixed spiral can be expanded to two-dimensional line, and then using interpolation technique can control drill stabilizer and repair work head of joint motion, the synthesis of these two motions is the space spiral.

scholarly journals Investigation into Performance of Multilayer Composite Nano-Structured Cr-CrN-(Cr0.35Ti0.40Al0.25)N Coating for Metal Cutting Tools

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Grigoriev ◽  
Alexey Vereschaka ◽  
Alexander Metel ◽  
Nikolay Sitnikov ◽  
Filipp Milovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Constructional Steel ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Layered Architecture ◽  
Process Pattern ◽  
Resistant Layer ◽  
Cutting Speeds

This paper deals with the Cr-CrN-(Cr0.35Ti0.40Al0.25)N coating. It has a three-layered architecture with a nano-structured wear-resistant layer. The studies involved the investigation into the microstructure (with the use of SEM and TEM), elemental and phase composition (XRD and SAED patterns), wear process pattern in scratch testing, crystal structure, as well as the microhardness of the coating. Cutting tests of tools with the above coating were carried out in dry turning of steel 1045 at cutting speeds of vc = 200, 250, and 300 m·min−1. The comparison included uncoated tools and tools with the commercial TiN and (Ti,Al)N coatings with the same thickness. The tool with the Cr-CrN-(Cr0.35Ti0.40Al0.25)N coating showed the longest tool life at all the cutting speeds under consideration. Meanwhile, a tool with the coating under study can be recommended for use in turning constructional steel at the cutting speed of vc = 250 m·min−1. At this cutting speed, a tool shows the combination of a rather long tool life and balanced wear process, without any threat of catastrophic wear.

Crack Filling of Cover Glasses by Sol-Gel Coatings

2013 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 700-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kung Jeng Ma ◽  
Hsi Hsin Chien ◽  
Su Wei Huang ◽  
Shi Chang Chen ◽  
Choung Lii Chao
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Roll Coating ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Glass Plates ◽  
Resistant Layer

Strengthening of glass sheets through the process of ion exchange have been widely used in thinner cover glass for smart phone. The compressive stress improves the ability of the glass surface to withstand damage from mechanical impact. However, the presence of the damage resistant layer makes conventional mechanical and laser cutting of the ion-exchanged glass difficult. Normally, the cutting process will lead to spontaneous glass sheet breakage or shattering. Even successful in some samples, the underlying central tension is exposed on the edge, and the mechanical strength and durability of this edge is degraded. The repair of edge cracks becomes an extremely important issue for the development of single glass based smart phone. The ion exchanged glass plates (Corning IOX-FS) with a thickness of 0.7 mm were selected as the substrate materials. After cutting ion exchanged glass by high penetration diamond scribing wheels, the edge of glass plates can be protected or strengthened with silica sol using roll coating process. It was observed that the strength could be improved achieving 210 % compared to the strength of uncoated glass sheets. The sol-gel coating could improve the strength of the glass mainly by the mechanisms of filling in edge flaws or blunting crack tips. The effects of silica sol and processing parameters of roll coating process on the cracks filling effects were investigated.

Arc deposition of wear resistant layer TiN on Ti6Al4V using simultaneous feeding of nitrogen and wire

2020 ◽  
Vol 381 ◽  
pp. 125141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiankang Huang ◽  
Shien Liu ◽  
Shurong Yu ◽  
Xiaoquan Yu ◽  
Huizi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Resistant Layer ◽  
Arc Deposition

Wear properties of the deep gradient wear-resistant layer applied to 20CrMnTi gear steel

Wear ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 424-425 ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidi Kong ◽  
Dekun Zhang ◽  
Qing Tao ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Properties ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Gear Steel ◽  
Resistant Layer

Oxidation Behavior of Tantalum Boride Ceramics

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Matsushita ◽  
Geum Chan Hwang ◽  
Kwang Bo Shim
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Oxidation Time ◽  
Oxidation Temperature ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Good Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Resistant Layer

The oxidation behavior of tantalum diboride (TaB2) powder at high temperature was investigated in order to determine the possibility of the use of advanced high temperature structural materials. Unfortunately, monolithic TaB2 were known to be chemical stability up to high temperatures. To date, there have been few reports regarding the properties of TaB2 ceramics. The samples were oxidized at room temperature to 1273 K for 5 minutes to 25 hours in air. The weight changes were measured to estimate the oxidation resistance. The oxidation of samples oxidized for short oxidation time of 5 minutes started at 873 K, and the weight gain increased with increasing oxidation temperature. On the other hand, at the oxidation time of above 1 hour, a maximum weight gain value at 973 to 1073 K was observed. However, even if the oxidation temperature was increased an additional weight change slightly occurred. The weight gain of the sample oxidized at 1273 K for 5 minutes to 25 hours was about 40 to 20 % of the theoretical oxidation mass change. According to the powder X-ray diffraction date, the oxidized TaB2 sample was changed to Ta2O5 at 873 K. Finally, the TaB2 showed a good oxidation resistance at high temperature, because the surface film of tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) formed by oxidation acted as an oxidation resistant layer.

Friction and Wear Properties of Al-Based Hypereutectic Silicon Coatings Fabricated by Supersonic Particles Deposition on ZM5 Magnesium Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 952 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun Shi ◽  
Hai Bo Jiang ◽  
Ju Kun Yao ◽  
Zhi Qian Wang ◽  
Chao Ji Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Wear Protection ◽  
Resistant Layer ◽  
Mechanical Bonding ◽  
Abrasion Testing

To improve the anti-wear properties of Mg alloys, Al-13Si, Al-15Si and Al-19Si coatings were prepared by supersonic particles deposition on the surface of ZM5 magnesium alloy. Micro-structure and anti-wear properties of the coatings were examined by digital micro-hardness tester, XRD, friction and abrasion testing machine, three-dimensional microscope and SEM. The results show that the wear-resistant layer and the magnesium substrate can be well integrated as mechanical bonding and the main wear failure mechanism of the three coatings is adhesive wear. Moreover, the micro-hardness of Al-19Si coating is 141.47HV0.05, much higher than Al-13Si coating (134.97HV0.05) and Al-15Si coating (136.02HV0.05). Besides, the anti-wear properties of Al-19Si coating is optimal, superior to Al-15Si coating and Al-13Si coating. All of those indicate that Al-19Si coating can provide the most excellent anti-wear protection for ZM5 magnesium alloy.

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