Coastal and marine environments of Pacific Islands: Ecosystem classification, ecological assessment, and traditional knowledge for coastal management

1996 ◽  
pp. 341-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Holthus
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Coastal Management ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Ecosystem Classification

Keeping Rong from Wrong: The Identification and Protection of Traditional Intellectual Property in Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Nason ◽  
Joakim Peter
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Federated States Of Micronesia ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Chuuk State ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Model Law

AbstractThis discussion reviews the differences between traditional Micronesian principles regarding traditional knowledge, or ‘esoteric’ knowledge, and Western copyright laws, which have been used in the expropriation and legal alienation of traditional knowledge. We consider this conflict in relation to contemporary Native American intellectual property issues and tribal responses for the protection of such knowledge and to control research activities. This is compared with the recent international and Pacific Islands governments' concerns and actions regarding commodification and misappropriation of traditional knowledge, including the new Pacific Model Law. Finally, we review the nature of traditional knowledge in Chuuk State and its current status and recommend specific steps that the Federated States of Micronesia might take legislatively to protect traditional knowledge as part of its significant cultural heritage.

Fungi anamorphici in Australasia

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric H. C. McKenzie ◽  
Eric H. C. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
The Pacific

Fungi are everywhere but mycologists are not and the fungi anamorphici, which includes hyphomycetes and coelomycetes, is an under-studied group in Australasia. It is the second largest group of fungi and its members play an important role in nutrient cycling. Plant pathogenic species are the best-documented and fungi anamorphici feature prominently in lists of plant diseases for Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. The few resident mycologists specialising in taxonomy and systematics of fungi anamorphici have made major advances in the study of plant pathogens (e.g. Bipolaris, Fusarium) and those of industrial importance (e.g. Penicillium). Visiting mycologists who have made significant collections of Australasian fungi anamorphici include B. C. Sutton in Australia, S. J. Hughes in New Zealand and T. Matsushima in Australia, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. A census of fungi anamorphici is being prepared forFungi of Australia and a database of all species recorded from New Zealand is being compiled. Australasian studies of fungi anamorphici in freshwater and marine environments and those associated with arthropods are discussed. Rainforests and numerous other habitats in Australasia remain a vast storehouse of unknown fungi anamorphici—thousands of species yet to be collected, classified and described.

scholarly journals The Role of Indigenous and Traditional Knowledge in Ecosystem-Based Adaptation: A Review of the Literature and Case Studies from the Pacific Islands

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Nalau ◽  
Susanne Becken ◽  
Johanna Schliephack ◽  
Meg Parsons ◽  
Cilla Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Spiritual Beliefs ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) is increasingly being advocated as a climate adaptation approach that can deliver multiple benefits to communities. EbA scholarship argues that community-based projects can strengthen those ecosystems that deliver critical services to communities and in doing so enhance community resilience. In particular, the inclusion of indigenous and traditional knowledge (ITK) into community-based EbA projects is positioned as critical to successful climate adaptation. Yet, there is surprisingly little investigation into how ITK is being defined and incorporated into EbA initiatives. This paper critically reviews EbA literature and provides empirical examples from Vanuatu and Samoa to demonstrate the different ways ITK relates to EbA projects. We find that there is widespread recognition that ITK is important for indigenous and local communities and can be employed successfully in EbA. However, this recognition is more aspirational than practical and is not being necessarily translated into ITK-informed or ITK-driven EbA projects. ITK should not be conceptualized simply as a collection of local environmental information that is integrated with Western scientific knowledge. Instead, ITK is part of nested knowledge systems (information–practices–worldviews) of indigenous peoples. This knowledge includes local natural resource management, sociocultural governance structures, social norms, spiritual beliefs, and historical and contemporary experiences of colonial dispossession and marginalization. At present, most EbA projects focus on the provision of information to main decision-makers only; however, since ITK is held collectively, it is essential that entire communities are included in ITK EbA projects. There is a huge potential for researchers and ITK holders to coproduce knowledge that would be best placed to drive climate adaptation in a changing world.

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