scholarly journals Five years of shortwave radiation budget measurements at a continental land site in southeastern Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (D20) ◽  
pp. 26093-26106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Prata ◽  
I. F. Grant ◽  
R. P. Cechet ◽  
G. F. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Land Site

Evaluation of net shortwave radiation over China with a regional climate model

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
X Liu ◽  
Y Kang ◽  
Q Liu ◽  
Z Guo ◽  
Y Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Sky Conditions

The regional climate model RegCM version 4.6, developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis, was used to simulate the radiation budget over China. Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) satellite data were utilized to evaluate the simulation results based on 4 radiative components: net shortwave (NSW) radiation at the surface of the earth and top of the atmosphere (TOA) under all-sky and clear-sky conditions. The performance of the model for low-value areas of NSW was superior to that for high-value areas. NSW at the surface and TOA under all-sky conditions was significantly underestimated; the spatial distribution of the bias was negative in the north and positive in the south, bounded by 25°N for the annual and seasonal averaged difference maps. Compared with the all-sky condition, the simulation effect under clear-sky conditions was significantly better, which indicates that the cloud fraction is the key factor affecting the accuracy of the simulation. In particular, the bias of the TOA NSW under the clear-sky condition was <±10 W m-2 in the eastern areas. The performance of the model was better over the eastern monsoon region in winter and autumn for surface NSW under clear-sky conditions, which may be related to different levels of air pollution during each season. Among the 3 areas, the regional average biases overall were largest (negative) over the Qinghai-Tibet alpine region and smallest over the eastern monsoon region.

Impact of Clouds on the Shortwave Radiation Budget of the Surface-Atmosphere System for Snow-Covered Surfaces

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Nemesure ◽  
Robert D. Cess ◽  
Ellsworth G. Dutton ◽  
John J. Deluisi ◽  
Zhanqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Surface Atmosphere ◽  
Atmosphere System

scholarly journals Climatological and radiative properties of midlatitude cirrus clouds derived by automatic evaluation of lidar measurements

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 7605-7621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Kienast-Sjögren ◽  
Christian Rolf ◽  
Patric Seifert ◽  
Ulrich K. Krieger ◽  
Bei P. Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Cirrus Clouds ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Lidar Measurements

Abstract. Cirrus, i.e., high, thin clouds that are fully glaciated, play an important role in the Earth's radiation budget as they interact with both long- and shortwave radiation and affect the water vapor budget of the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Here, we present a climatology of midlatitude cirrus clouds measured with the same type of ground-based lidar at three midlatitude research stations: at the Swiss high alpine Jungfraujoch station (3580 m a.s.l.), in Zürich (Switzerland, 510 m a.s.l.), and in Jülich (Germany, 100 m a.s.l.). The analysis is based on 13 000 h of measurements from 2010 to 2014. To automatically evaluate this extensive data set, we have developed the Fast LIdar Cirrus Algorithm (FLICA), which combines a pixel-based cloud-detection scheme with the classic lidar evaluation techniques. We find mean cirrus optical depths of 0.12 on Jungfraujoch and of 0.14 and 0.17 in Zürich and Jülich, respectively. Above Jungfraujoch, subvisible cirrus clouds (τ < 0.03) have been observed during 6 % of the observation time, whereas above Zürich and Jülich fewer clouds of that type were observed. Cirrus have been observed up to altitudes of 14.4 km a.s.l. above Jungfraujoch, whereas they have only been observed to about 1 km lower at the other stations. These features highlight the advantage of the high-altitude station Jungfraujoch, which is often in the free troposphere above the polluted boundary layer, thus enabling lidar measurements of thinner and higher clouds. In addition, the measurements suggest a change in cloud morphology at Jungfraujoch above ∼ 13 km, possibly because high particle number densities form in the observed cirrus clouds, when many ice crystals nucleate in the high supersaturations following rapid uplifts in lee waves above mountainous terrain. The retrieved optical properties are used as input for a radiative transfer model to estimate the net cloud radiative forcing, CRFNET, for the analyzed cirrus clouds. All cirrus detected here have a positive CRFNET. This confirms that these thin, high cirrus have a warming effect on the Earth's climate, whereas cooling clouds typically have cloud edges too low in altitude to satisfy the FLICA criterion of temperatures below −38 °C. We find CRFNET = 0.9 W m−2 for Jungfraujoch and 1.0 W m−2 (1.7 W m−2) for Zürich (Jülich). Further, we calculate that subvisible cirrus (τ < 0.03) contribute about 5 %, thin cirrus (0.03 < τ < 0.3) about 45 %, and opaque cirrus (0.3 < τ) about 50 % of the total cirrus radiative forcing.

scholarly journals Brief communication: Antarctic sea ice gain does not compensate for increased solar absorption from Arctic ice loss

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Katlein ◽  
Stefan Hendricks ◽  
Jeffrey Key
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice ◽  
Polar Oceans ◽  
Arctic Ice ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract. Here we show on the basis of the new consistent long-term observational dataset APP-x, that the observed increase of sea ice extent in the Antarctic cannot compensate for the loss of Arctic sea ice in terms of the shortwave radiation budget in the polar oceans poleward of 50° latitude. The observations show, that apart from retreating sea-ice additional effects like albedo changes and especially changing cloud coverage lead to a total increase of solar shortwave energy deposited into the polar oceans despite of the marginal increase in Antarctic winter sea ice extent.

scholarly journals Cloud, precipitation and radiation responses to large perturbations in global dimethyl sulfide

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 10177-10198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya L. Fiddes ◽  
Matthew T. Woodhouse ◽  
Zebedee Nicholls ◽  
Todd P. Lane ◽  
Robyn Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Cloud Fraction ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Stratiform Cloud ◽  
Aerosol Emission ◽  
Low Cloud

Abstract. Natural aerosol emission represents one of the largest uncertainties in our understanding of the radiation budget. Sulfur emitted by marine organisms, as dimethyl sulfide (DMS), constitutes one-fifth of the global sulfur budget and yet the distribution, fluxes and fate of DMS remain poorly constrained. This study evaluates the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol (UKCA) model in terms of cloud fraction, radiation and precipitation, and then quantifies the role of DMS in the chemistry–climate system. We find that ACCESS-UKCA has similar cloud and radiation biases to other global climate models. By removing all DMS, or alternatively significantly enhancing marine DMS, we find a top of the atmosphere radiative effect of 1.7 and −1.4 W m−2 respectively. The largest responses to these DMS perturbations (removal/enhancement) are in stratiform cloud decks in the Southern Hemisphere's eastern ocean basins. These regions show significant differences in low cloud (-9/+6 %), surface incoming shortwave radiation (+7/-5 W m−2) and large-scale rainfall (+15/-10 %). We demonstrate a precipitation suppression effect of DMS-derived aerosol in stratiform cloud deck regions due to DMS, coupled with an increase in low cloud fraction. The difference in low cloud fraction is an example of the aerosol lifetime effect. Globally, we find a sensitivity of temperature to annual DMS flux of 0.027 and 0.019 K per Tg yr−1 of sulfur, respectively. Other areas of low cloud formation, such as the Southern Ocean and stratiform cloud decks in the Northern Hemisphere, have a relatively weak response to DMS perturbations. We highlight the need for greater understanding of the DMS–climate cycle within the context of uncertainties and biases of climate models as well as those of DMS–climate observations.

Surface Radiation Characteristics of the Ali Area, Northern Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Wang ◽  
Lin Han
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Northern Tibetan Plateau

&lt;p&gt;This study analyses the diurnal seasonal mean and the seasonal and annual variation in the radiation budget at the Ali Meteorological Bureau observation station in the northern Tibetan Plateau for 2019. The results indicate that the daily average variation in incidental shortwave and reflected radiation across all seasons in the Ali area had typical unimodal symmetry. The average daily variation in incidental shortwave radiation was in phase with reflected radiation, but the amplitude of the incidental shortwave radiation was greater than that of reflected radiation. The daily amplitude, daily average, and monthly average upwelling longwave radiation were greater than those for downwelling radiation, and the diurnal cycle of downwelling atmospheric radiation lagged behind that of upwelling longwave radiation. The daily amplitude of surface net radiation in winter in the Ali area was less than in other seasons, as expected, and the seasonal transformation had a great impact on the net radiation for this region. The net radiative energy at the surface was highest in late spring and early summer, which played a decisive role in the formation of terrestrial and atmospheric heating.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals A fast method for the retrieval of integrated longwave and shortwave top-of-atmosphere irradiances from MSG/SEVIRI (RRUMS)

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 4969-5008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vázquez-Navarro ◽  
B. Mayer ◽  
H. Mannstein
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Brightness Temperatures ◽  
Polar Orbiting Satellite ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. A new Rapid Retrieval of upwelling fluxes from MSG/SEVIRI (RRUMS) is presented. It has been developed to observe the top-of-atmosphere irradiances of small scale and rapidly changing features that are not sufficiently resolved by specific Earth radiation budget sensors. Our retrieval takes advantage of the spatial and temporal resolution of MSG/SEVIRI and provides outgoing longwave and reflected shortwave radiation only by means of a combination of SEVIRI channels. The longwave retrieval is based on a simple linear combination of brightness temperatures from the SEVIRI infrared channels. Two shortwave retrievals are presented and discussed: the first one based on a multilinear parameterisation and the second one based on a neural network. The neural network method is shown to be slightly more accurate and simpler to apply for the desired purpose. Both LW and SW algorithms have been validated by comparing their results with CERES and GERB irradiance observations. While being less accurate than their dedicated counterparts, the SEVIRI-based methods have two major advantages compared to CERES and GERB: their higher spatial resolution and the better temporal resolution. With our retrievals it is possible to observe the radiative effect of small-scale features such as cumulus clouds, cirrus clouds, or aircraft contrails. The spatial resolution of SEVIRI is 3 km &amp;times 3 km in the sub-satellite point, remarkably better than that of CERES (20 km) or GERB (45 km). The temporal resolution is 15 min (5 min in the rapid-scan mode), the same as GERB, but significantly better than that of CERES which, being on board of a polar orbiting satellite, has a temporal resolution as low as 2 overpasses per day.

scholarly journals A fast method for the retrieval of integrated longwave and shortwave top-of-atmosphere upwelling irradiances from MSG/SEVIRI (RRUMS)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2627-2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vázquez-Navarro ◽  
B. Mayer ◽  
H. Mannstein
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Brightness Temperatures ◽  
Polar Orbiting Satellite ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. A new Rapid Retrieval of Upwelling irradiances from MSG/SEVIRI (RRUMS) is presented. It has been developed to observe the top-of-atmosphere irradiances of small scale and rapidly changing features that are not sufficiently resolved by specific Earth radiation budget sensors. Our retrieval takes advantage of the spatial and temporal resolution of MSG/SEVIRI and provides outgoing longwave and reflected shortwave radiation only by means of a combination of SEVIRI channels. The longwave retrieval is based on a simple linear combination of brightness temperatures from the SEVIRI infrared channels. The shortwave retrieval is based on a neural network that requires as input the visible and near-infrared SEVIRI channels. Both LW and SW algorithms have been validated by comparing their results with CERES and GERB irradiance observations. While being less accurate than their dedicated counterparts, the SEVIRI-based methods have two major advantages compared to CERES and GERB: their higher spatial resolution and the better temporal resolution. With our retrievals it is possible to observe the radiative effect of small-scale features such as cumulus clouds, cirrus clouds, or aircraft contrails. The spatial resolution of SEVIRI is 3 km × 3 km in the sub-satellite point, remarkably better than that of CERES (20 km) or GERB (45 km). The temporal resolution is 15 min (5 min in the Rapid-Scan mode), the same as GERB, but significantly better than that of CERES which, being on board of a polar orbiting satellite, has a temporal resolution as low as 2 overpasses per day.

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