Separation of aerosol and gas components in the Halogen Occultation Experiment and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II extinction measurements: Implications for SAGE II ozone concentrations and trends

1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (D16) ◽  
pp. 19665-19681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Steele ◽  
Richard P. Turco
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Halogen Occultation Experiment

Isotopic studies of the sulfur component of the stratospheric aerosol layer

Tellus ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Castleman Jr. ◽  
H. R. Munkelwitz ◽  
B. Manowitz
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Isotopic Studies

Considerations on Ambient Levels of Ozone Concentrations and Relationship with NOx in an Urban Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-829
Author(s):  
Cornel Ianache ◽  
Laurentiu Predescu ◽  
Mirela Predescu ◽  
Dumitru Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Weekend Effect ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Ozone Concentrations

The serious air pollution problem has determined public concerns, worldwide. One of the main challenges for countries all over the world is caused by the elevated levels of ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations and its anthropogenic precursors. Ploiesti city, as one of the major urban area of Romania, is facing the same situation. This research aims to investigate spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of O3 in relationship with nitrogen oxides (NOx) using statistical analysis methods. Hourly O3 and NOx measurements were collected during 2014 year in Ploiesti. The results obtained showed that the ozone spatial distribution was non-normal for each month in 2014. The diurnal cycle of ground-level ozone concentrations showed a mid-day peak, while NOx diurnal variations presented 2 daily peaks, one in the morning (7:00 a.m.) and one in the afternoon (between 5:00 and 7:00 p.m.). In addition, it was observed a distinct pattern of weekly variations for O3 and NOx. Like in many other urban areas, the results indicated the presence of the �ozone weekend effect� in Ploiesti during the 2014 year, ozone concentrations being slightly higher on weekends compared to weekdays. For the same monitoring site, the nitrogen oxides were less prevalent on Saturdays and Sundays, probably due to reducing of road traffic and other pollution-generating activities on weekends than during the week.

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Distribution Variation of Ground-Level Ozone in China’s Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
An Zhang ◽  
Jinhuang Lin ◽  
Wenhui Chen ◽  
Mingshui Lin ◽  
Chengcheng Lei
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
The North

Long-term exposure to ozone pollution will cause severe threats to residents’ physical and mental health. Ground-level ozone is the most severe air pollutant in China’s Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region (PRD). It is of great significance to accurately reveal the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of ozone pollution exposure patterns. We used the daily maximum 8-h ozone concentration data from PRD’s 55 air quality monitoring stations in 2015 as input data. We used six models of STK and ordinary kriging (OK) for the simulation of ozone concentration. Then we chose a better ozone pollution prediction model to reveal the ozone exposure characteristics of the PRD in 2015. The results show that the Bilonick model (BM) model had the highest simulation precision for ozone in the six models for spatial–temporal kriging (STK) interpolation, and the STK model’s simulation prediction results are significantly better than the OK model. The annual average ozone concentrations in the PRD during 2015 showed a high spatial variation in the north and east and low in the south and west. Ozone concentrations were relatively high in summer and autumn and low in winter and spring. The center of gravity of ozone concentrations tended to migrate to the north and west before moving to the south and then finally migrating to the east. The ozone’s spatial autocorrelation was significant and showed a significant positive correlation, mainly showing high-high clustering and low-low clustering. The type of clustering undergoes temporal migration and conversion over the four seasons, with spatial autocorrelation during winter the most significant.

scholarly journals Updated and outdated reservations about research into stratospheric aerosol injection

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wake Smith ◽  
Claire Henly
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Slippery Slope ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol Injection

AbstractIn this paper, we seek to ground discussions of the governance of stratospheric aerosol injection research in recent literature about the field including an updated understanding of the technology’s deployment logistics and scale, pattern of effects, and research pathways. Relying upon this literature, we evaluate several common reservations regarding the governance of pre-deployment research and testing including covert deployment, technological lock-in, weaponization, slippery slope, and the blurry line between research and deployment. We conclude that these reservations are no longer supported by literature. However, we do not argue that there is no reason for concern. Instead, we enumerate alternative bases for caution about research into stratospheric aerosol injection which are supported by an up-to-date understanding of the literature. We conclude that in order to establish the correct degree and type of governance for stratospheric aerosol injection research, the research community must focus its attention on these well-grounded reservations. However, while these reservations are supported and warrant further attention, we conclude that none currently justifies restrictive governance of early-stage stratospheric aerosol injection research.

scholarly journals Differences in the Evolution of Pyrocumulonimbus and Volcanic Stratospheric Plumes as Observed by CATS and CALIOP Space-Based Lidars

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Kenneth Christian ◽  
John Yorks ◽  
Sampa Das
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Volcanic Aerosol ◽  
Volcanic Plumes ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Altitude Dependence ◽  
Volcanic Events ◽  
Spatial Propagation ◽  
Depolarization Ratios

Recent fire seasons have featured volcanic-sized injections of smoke aerosols into the stratosphere where they persist for many months. Unfortunately, the aging and transport of these aerosols are not well understood. Using space-based lidar, the vertical and spatial propagation of these aerosols can be tracked and inferences can be made as to their size and shape. In this study, space-based CATS and CALIOP lidar were used to track the evolution of the stratospheric aerosol plumes resulting from the 2019–2020 Australian bushfire and 2017 Pacific Northwest pyrocumulonimbus events and were compared to two volcanic events: Calbuco (2015) and Puyehue (2011). The pyrocumulonimbus and volcanic aerosol plumes evolved distinctly, with pyrocumulonimbus plumes rising upwards of 10 km after injection to altitudes of 30 km or more, compared to small to modest altitude increases in the volcanic plumes. We also show that layer-integrated depolarization ratios in these large pyrocumulonimbus plumes have a strong altitude dependence with more irregularly shaped particles in the higher altitude plumes, unlike the volcanic events studied.

scholarly journals Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3863-3887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryeh Feinberg ◽  
Timofei Sukhodolov ◽  
Bei-Ping Luo ◽  
Eugene Rozanov ◽  
Lenny H. E. Winkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Sulfate Aerosol ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Sulfur Deposition ◽  
Aerosol Chemistry ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Aerosol Model

Abstract. SOCOL-AERv1 was developed as an aerosol–chemistry–climate model to study the stratospheric sulfur cycle and its influence on climate and the ozone layer. It includes a sectional aerosol model that tracks the sulfate particle size distribution in 40 size bins, between 0.39 nm and 3.2 µm. Sheng et al. (2015) showed that SOCOL-AERv1 successfully matched observable quantities related to stratospheric aerosol. In the meantime, SOCOL-AER has undergone significant improvements and more observational datasets have become available. In producing SOCOL-AERv2 we have implemented several updates to the model: adding interactive deposition schemes, improving the sulfate mass and particle number conservation, and expanding the tropospheric chemistry scheme. We compare the two versions of the model with background stratospheric sulfate aerosol observations, stratospheric aerosol evolution after Pinatubo, and ground-based sulfur deposition networks. SOCOL-AERv2 shows similar levels of agreement as SOCOL-AERv1 with satellite-measured extinctions and in situ optical particle counter (OPC) balloon flights. The volcanically quiescent total stratospheric aerosol burden simulated in SOCOL-AERv2 has increased from 109 Gg of sulfur (S) to 160 Gg S, matching the newly available satellite estimate of 165 Gg S. However, SOCOL-AERv2 simulates too high cross-tropopause transport of tropospheric SO2 and/or sulfate aerosol, leading to an overestimation of lower stratospheric aerosol. Due to the current lack of upper tropospheric SO2 measurements and the neglect of organic aerosol in the model, the lower stratospheric bias of SOCOL-AERv2 was not further improved. Model performance under volcanically perturbed conditions has also undergone some changes, resulting in a slightly shorter volcanic aerosol lifetime after the Pinatubo eruption. With the improved deposition schemes of SOCOL-AERv2, simulated sulfur wet deposition fluxes are within a factor of 2 of measured deposition fluxes at 78 % of the measurement stations globally, an agreement which is on par with previous model intercomparison studies. Because of these improvements, SOCOL-AERv2 will be better suited to studying changes in atmospheric sulfur deposition due to variations in climate and emissions.

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