scholarly journals Earthquake rupture and tsunami generation of the 2015 M w 5.9 Bonin event revealed by in‐situ pressure gauge array observations and integrated seismic and tsunami wave simulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Kubota ◽  
Tatsuhiko Saito ◽  
Yoshio Fukao ◽  
Hiroko Sugioka ◽  
Aki Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Earthquake Rupture ◽  
Tsunami Generation ◽  
Wave Simulation

Effects of HMX Particle Size on the Shock Initiation of PBXC03 Explosive

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Jing Wen ◽  
Zhuo-Ping Duan ◽  
Lian-Sheng Zhang ◽  
Zhen-Yu Zhang ◽  
Zhuo-Cheng Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Rate Model ◽  
Shock Initiation ◽  
Gauge Data ◽  
Medium Formulation ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractA series of shock initiation experiments are performed on the PBXC03 explosives in different formulations to understand the influence of the explosive particle size on the shock initiation, and the in-situ pressure gauge data are obtained which show that shock sensitivity decreases with the explosive particle size under the test condition used in this paper. Moreover, a mesoscopic reaction rate model which is calibrated by the experimental data on a medium formulation PBXC03 explosive is adopted and then applied to predict numerically the shock initiation of other PBXC03 explosives in different formulations. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

In-Situ Calibration of Differential Pressure Gauges on OBSIP Ocean Bottom Seismometers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabi Laske ◽  
Adrian Doran
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Earth Tides ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Ocean Bottom Seismometer

<p>A standard ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) package of the U.S. OBS Instrument Pool (OBSIP) carries a seismometer and a pressure sensor. For broadband applications, the seismometer typically is a wide-band or broad-band three-components seismometer, and the pressure sensor is a differential pressure gauge (DPG). The purpose of the pressure sensor is manifold and includes the capture of pressure signals not picked up by a ground motion sensor (e.g. the passage of tsunami), but also for purposes of correcting the seismograms for unwanted signals generated in the water column (e.g. p-wave reverberations).<br>Unfortunately, the instrument response of the widely used Cox-Webb DPG remains somewhat poorly known, and can vary by individual sensor, and even by deployment of the same sensor.</p><p>Efforts have been under way to construct and test DPG responses in the laboratory. But the sensitivity and long‐period response are difficult to calibrate as they  vary with temperature and pressure, and perhaps by hardware of the same mechanical specifications.  Here, we present a way to test the response for each individual sensor and deployment in situ in the ocean. This test requires a relatively minimal and inexpensive modification to the OBS instrument frame and a release mechanism that allows a drop of the DPG by 3 inches after the OBS package settled and the DPG equilibrated on the seafloor. The seismic signal generated by this drop is then analyzed in the laboratory upon retrieval of the data. </p><p>The results compare favorably with calibrations estimated independently through post‐deployment data analyses of other signals such as Earth tides and the signals from large teleseismic earthquakes. Our study demonstrates that observed response functions can deviate from the nominal response by a factor of two or greater with regards to both the sensitivity and the time constant. Given the fact that sensor calibrations of DPGs in the lab require very specific and stable environments and are time consuming, the use of in-situ DPG calibration frames pose a reliable and inexpensive alternative. </p>

scholarly journals In situ monitoring of frost heave pressure during cross passage construction using ground-freezing method

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Han ◽  
Guan-lin Ye ◽  
Yuan-hai Li ◽  
Xiao-he Xia ◽  
Jian-hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Freezing Method ◽  
Ground Freezing ◽  
Artificial Ground Freezing

The artificial ground-freezing method has the dual effect of ground reinforcement and waterproof sealing, and the frozen curtain can be designed flexibly. It is widely used in the construction of cross passages for shield tunnels in soft ground with high groundwater levels. However, due to the lack of in situ monitoring data, it remains difficult to determine the frost heave pressure acting upon a tunnel. In this study, based on the use of an anti-freezing pad-type earth pressure gauge, in situ monitoring was carried out to measure the frost heave pressure acting upon tunnel segments during the construction of cross passages for the Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel. The monitoring results show that the earth pressure acting upon the tunnel could decrease dramatically during freezing, and this kind of decrease can take place suddenly and unpredictably, which can be illustrated using the finite element method. The maximum measured frost heave pressure during freezing and cross passage excavation was approximately 0.2 MPa, which was much smaller than the predicted value. Combining the distribution of temperature in the ground and construction countermeasures, the observed phenomena are mainly related to three factors: water migration during the freezing process, the tunnel–ground interaction, and the countermeasure of pressure release holes. The tunnel showed a horizontal extension–deformation, which was consistent with the releasing frost heave pressure acting upon it.

scholarly journals Wisconsin In Situ Penning (WISP) gauge: A versatile neutral pressure gauge to measure partial pressures in strong magnetic fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 043504
Author(s):  
T. Kremeyer ◽  
K. Flesch ◽  
O. Schmitz ◽  
G. Schlisio ◽  
U. Wenzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Strong Magnetic Fields ◽  
Partial Pressures

scholarly journals Contribution of nonlinearity in tsunami generated by submarine earthquake

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Nosov ◽  
S. V. Kolesov ◽  
A. V. Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Tsunami Generation ◽  
Nonlinear Contribution ◽  
Nonlinear Energy Transfer ◽  
Nonlinear Energy

Abstract. Rapid co-seismic bottom displacements during strong submarine earthquake give rise to intensive low-frequency elastic oscillations of water layer. Nonlinear energy transfer from the elastic oscillations to long gravitational waves may provide an additional contribution to tsunami. The nonlinear tsunami generation mechanism is examined analytically. Finiteness of bottom elasticity is taken into account. General parameters responsible for amplitude and energy of the nonlinear contribution to tsunami wave are revealed.

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