scholarly journals Reversal Asymmetry of Rainfall Change over the Indian Ocean During the Radiative Forcing Increase and Stabilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Hou ◽  
Xia Qu ◽  
Gang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Rainfall Change ◽  
The Indian Ocean

scholarly journals Interactions among deep convection, sea surface temperature and radiation in the Asian monsoon region

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
M. RAJEEVAN
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Asian Monsoon Region ◽  
Cloud Radiative Forcing ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
The Indian Ocean

The climatic interactions among deep convection, sea surface temperature and radiation in the Asian monsoon region have been examined using various satellite-derived data sets of the period 1983-90. Annual average Frequency of Deep Convection (FDC) is maximum over the equatorial east Indian ocean and adjoining west Pacific and Indonesian region. Maximum FDC zone shifts to Bay of Bengal during the monsoon (June-September) season.   There is weak relationship between the variations in FDC and SST in the Indian ocean. Deep convective activity was suppressed over most of the tropical Indian ocean during El Nino of 1987 in spite of warmer SSTs. The pattern of inter-annual variation between FDC and SST behaves differently in the Indian ocean basin as compared to the Pacific ocean basin. Deep convective clouds interact with radiation very effectively in the Asian monsoon region to cause large net negative cloud radiative forcing. Variation in FDC explains more than 70% of the variation in surface short-wave cloud radiative forcing (SWCRF) and long wave cloud radiative forcing (LWCRF) in the atmosphere.   On inter-annual scale, warmer SSTs may not necessarily increase deep convection in the Indian ocean. However, the inter-annual variation of deep convective clouds influences significantly the radiative budget of the surface-atmosphere system in the Asian monsoon region. The satellite observations suggest that warmer SSTs in the Indian ocean might have resulted from an increase in the absorbed solar radiation at the surface due to a reduction in deep convective cloud cover.

scholarly journals Initialized Decadal Predictions by LASG/IAP Climate System Model FGOALS-s2: Evaluations of Strengths and Weaknesses

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wu ◽  
Xiaolong Chen ◽  
Fengfei Song ◽  
Yong Sun ◽  
Tianjun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Decadal Prediction ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Tropical Western Pacific ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Decadal prediction experiments are conducted by using the coupled global climate model FGOALS-s2, following the CMIP 5 protocol. The paper documents the initialization procedures for the decadal prediction experiments and summarizes the predictive skills of the experiments, which are assessed through indicators adopted by the IPCC AR5. The observational anomalies of surface and subsurface ocean temperature and salinity are assimilated through a modified incremental analysis update (IAU) scheme. Three sets of 10-year-long hindcast and forecast runs were started every five years in the period of 1960–2005, with the initial conditions taken from the assimilation runs. The decadal prediction experiment by FGOALS-s2 shows significant high predictive skills in the Indian Ocean, tropical western Pacific, and Atlantic, similar to the results of the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble. The predictive skills in the Indian Ocean and tropical western Pacific are primarily attributed to the model response to the external radiative forcing associated with the change of atmospheric compositions. In contrast, the high skills in the Atlantic are attributed, at least partly, to the improvements in the prediction of the Atlantic multidecadal variability coming from the initialization.

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