Effects of marsh migration on flooding, saltwater intrusion, and crop yield in coastal agricultural land subject to storm surge inundation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Guimond ◽  
Holly A. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
Agricultural Land

Relocatable Tide Prediction and Storm Surge Forecasting

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Prime
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Storm Surge Forecasting

The marine environment represents a large and important resource for communities around the world. However, the marine environment increasingly presents hazards that can have a large negative impact. One important marine hazard results from storms and their accompanying surges. This can lead to coastal flooding, particularly when surge and astronomical high tides align, with resultant impacts such as destruction of property, saline degradation of agricultural land and coastal erosion. Where tide and storm surge information are provided and accessed in a timely, accurate and understandable way, the data can provide: 1. Evidence for planning: Statistics of past conditions such as the probability of extreme event occurrence can be used to help plan improvements to coastal infrastructure that are able to withstand and mitigate the hazard from a given extreme event. 2. Early warning systems: Short term forecasts of storm surge allow provide early warnings to coastal communities enabling them to take actions to allow them to withstand extreme events, e.g. deploy flood prevention measures or mobilise emergency response measures. Data regarding sea level height can be provided from various in-situ observations such as tide gauges and remote observations such as satellite altimetry. However, to provide a forecast at high spatial and temporal resolution a dynamic ocean model is used. Over recent decades the National Oceanography Centre has been a world leading in developing coastal ocean models. This paper will present our progress on a current project to develop an information system for the Madagascan Met Office. The project, C-RISC, being executed in partnership with Sea Level Research Ltd, is translating the current modelling capability of NOC in storm surge forecasting and tidal prediction into a system that will provide information that can be easily transferred to other regions and is scalable to include other hazard types The outcome, an operational high-resolution storm surge warning system that is easy to relocate, will directly benefit coastal communities, giving them information they need to make effective decisions before and during extreme storm surge events.

scholarly journals Prioritising agri-environment options for greenhouse gas mitigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Warner ◽  
John Tzilivakis ◽  
Andrew Green ◽  
Kathleen Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Lower Priority

Purpose This paper aims to assess agri-environment (AE) scheme options on cultivated agricultural land in England for their impact on agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It considers both absolute emissions reduction and reduction incorporating yield decrease and potential production displacement. Similarities with Ecological Focus Areas (EFAs) introduced in 2015 as part of the post-2014 Common Agricultural Policy reform, and their potential impact, are considered. Design/methodology/approach A life-cycle analysis approach derives GHG emissions for 18 key representative options. Meta-modelling is used to account for spatial environmental variables (annual precipitation, soil type and erosion risk), supplementing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change methodology. Findings Most options achieve an absolute reduction in GHG emissions compared to an existing arable crop baseline but at the expense of removing land from production, risking production displacement. Soil and water protection options designed to reduce soil erosion and nitrate leaching decrease GHG emissions without loss of crop yield. Undersown spring cereals support decreased inputs and emissions per unit of crop yield. The most valuable AE options identified are included in the proposed EFAs, although lower priority is afforded to some. Practical implications Recommendations are made where applicable to modify option management prescriptions and to further reduce GHG emissions. Originality/value This research is relevant and of value to land managers and policy makers. A dichotomous key summarises AE option prioritisation and supports GHG mitigation on cultivated land in England. The results are also applicable to other European countries.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of saltwater intrusion on agricultural land in Nghe An’s coastal areas in the context of climate change

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (T4) ◽  
pp. 274-281
Author(s):  
Ve Ngoc Hoang ◽  
Thai Hong Tran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Production Forests ◽  
Paddy Land ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is occurring increasingly complex and unpredictable, therefore the phenomenon of saltwater intrusion at coastal areas is also increasingly serious. The saltwater intrusion threatens the production and life of people in Nghe An’s coastal areas. Our study used MIKE11, MIKE 21 and ArcGIS software to assess the effects of saltwaters intrusion on agricultural land. The results indicate that the agricultural lands in Nghe An’s coastal areas are at high hazards of saltwater intrusion. Cua Lo town is the most affected by the saltwater intrusion, typically with land for cultivation of perennial trees (BHK), paddy land (LUC, LUK), land for production forests (RST), and land for aquaculture (TSL) are at high risk from the base (with more than 90 % of the total land area).

The impacts of hot-dry compound extremes on US Soybean yields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed Hamed ◽  
Anne Van Loon ◽  
Jeroen Aerts ◽  
Dim Coumou
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Weather And Climate

<p>The US agriculture system supplies more than one third of globally traded soybean, of which 90% is produced under rainfed agriculture. This makes the commodity particularly sensitive to weather and climate variability. Previous research has shown that annually averaged climate conditions explain about a third of global crop yield variability. Additionally, although less studied so far, crops are sensitive to specific short-term weather conditions, isolated or co-occurring at key moments throughout the growing season. Here we aim to identify key within-season weather and climate variables that can explain soybean yield variability in the US while exploring synergies between drivers that can have compounding impacts. The study combines weather data from reanalysis and satellite-based evapotranspiration and root-zone soil moisture with sub-national crop yield estimates using statistical methods that account for interaction effects. We also analyze the historic changes in identified key driving conditions in order to explore the effects of current climatic trends on yields. Our preliminary results indicate positive yield response to higher minimum temperature early and late in the season whereas the largest effect on soybeans is driven by the harmful co-occurrence of high temperature and low moisture levels during the summer flowering period significantly reducing yields on average in the US  by one standard deviation. The magnitude of the response to climate drivers varies across the spatial domain highlighting the need to focus on local and season specific management strategies. On the bright side, recent trends in temperature have not increased the likelihood of low yields. This is because the overall warming conditions reduce the risk of frost early and late in the season. Conversely, a peculiar cooling trend during the summer period attributed to agricultural land use is beneficial for yields when crops are most sensitive to high temperatures. Our study provides a detailed understanding of the current relationship between climate and soybean yields in the US. This is particularly relevant for adaptation and mitigation strategies aimed at avoiding low yields in a context of increasing food demand and climate change.</p>

scholarly journals All about Vertical Farming: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Gaganjot kaur, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
World Population ◽  
Vertical Farming ◽  
The World ◽  
Complete Concept ◽  
Day By Day

Agricultural land is becoming scarce and expensive day by day. With the rising world population, demand for food and land is continuously increasing which is necessitating to maximize food production per unit area. So the eyes are turning to Vertical framing approach which involves growing crops in stacked layers one above another in order to provide more crop yield per unit area of land. This article summarizes the complete concept of emerging area of agriculture with its various categories and techniques used throughout the world.

scholarly journals Potential impact of climate and socioeconomic changes on future agricultural land use in West Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1129-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Ahmed ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
L. You ◽  
M. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Socioeconomic Drivers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Agriculture is a key component of anthropogenic land use and land cover changes that influence regional climate. Meanwhile, in addition to socioeconomic drivers, climate is another important factor shaping agricultural land use. In this study, we compare the contributions of climate change and socioeconomic development to potential future changes of agricultural land use in West Africa using a prototype land use projection (LandPro) algorithm. The algorithm is based on a balance between food supply and demand, and accounts for the impact of socioeconomic drivers on the demand side and the impact of climate-induced crop yield changes on the supply side. The impact of human decision-making on land use is explicitly considered through multiple "what-if" scenarios. In the application to West Africa, future crop yield changes were simulated by a process-based crop model driven with future climate projections from a regional climate model, and future changes in food demand were projected using a model for policy analysis of agricultural commodities and trade. Without agricultural intensification, the climate-induced decrease in crop yield together with increase in food demand are found to cause a significant increase in agricultural land use at the expense of forest and grassland by the mid-century. The increase in agricultural land use is primarily climate-driven in the western part of West Africa and socioeconomically driven in the eastern part. Analysis of results from multiple decision-making scenarios suggests that human adaptation characterized by science-informed decision making to minimize land use could be very effective in many parts of the region.

Expert System Design for Diagnosis of Diseases for Paddy Crop

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Sreekantha Desai Karanam ◽  
Deepthi M. B.
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Paddy Crop

India has the second largest area of arable (agricultural) land on this earth with heterogeneous agroclimatic regions across the country. India has the potential to grow a wide range of agricultural crops and varied raw material base for food processing industry. The paddy crop yield/hector of land is highest in Egypt is 9.5, while India is producing only 2.9. India's lower paddy crop productivity/hector and higher cost of production is a major concern for farmers. There are various reasons for India's low paddy crop yield, such as lack of mechanization, not adopting to modern method of farming, small land holdings, poor pests, and disease management. The recent survey discovered that there is huge gap in demand and supply in crop production and is likely to hit more than 15% by 2020, with the gap worsening to 20-25% by 2025. Researchers aimed to address this low crop yield issue by designing an expert system. This expert system helps the farmers by identifying and predicting the diseases for paddy crop to enhance crop yield and to reduce the supply and demand gap.

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