scholarly journals The Influence of Chemical and Mineral Compositions on the Parameterization of Immersion Freezing by Volcanic Ash Particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Umo ◽  
R. Ullrich ◽  
E. C. Maters ◽  
I. Steinke ◽  
N. Benker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Immersion Freezing ◽  
Mineral Compositions

scholarly journals Deposition and immersion-mode nucleation of ice by three distinct samples of volcanic ash

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 7523-7536 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Schill ◽  
K. Genareau ◽  
M. A. Tolbert
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Immersion Freezing ◽  
Nucleation Activity ◽  
Ice Nucleation Activity

Abstract. Ice nucleation of volcanic ash controls both ash aggregation and cloud glaciation, which affect atmospheric transport and global climate. Previously, it has been suggested that there is one characteristic ice nucleation efficiency for all volcanic ash, regardless of its composition, when accounting for surface area; however, this claim is derived from data from only two volcanic eruptions. In this work, we have studied the depositional and immersion freezing efficiency of three distinct samples of volcanic ash using Raman microscopy coupled to an environmental cell. Ash from the Fuego (basaltic ash, Guatemala), Soufrière Hills (andesitic ash, Montserrat), and Taupo (Oruanui eruption, rhyolitic ash, New Zealand) volcanoes were chosen to represent different geographical locations and silica content. All ash samples were quantitatively analyzed for both percent crystallinity and mineralogy using X-ray diffraction. In the present study, we find that all three samples of volcanic ash are excellent depositional ice nuclei, nucleating ice from 225 to 235 K at ice saturation ratios of 1.05 ± 0.01, comparable to the mineral dust proxy kaolinite. Since depositional ice nucleation will be more important at colder temperatures, fine volcanic ash may represent a global source of cold-cloud ice nuclei. For immersion freezing relevant to mixed-phase clouds, however, only the Oruanui ash exhibited appreciable heterogeneous ice nucleation activity. Similar to recent studies on mineral dust, we suggest that the mineralogy of volcanic ash may dictate its ice nucleation activity in the immersion mode.

scholarly journals Immersion freezing of supercooled water drops containing glassy volcanic ash particles

GeoResJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Gibbs ◽  
Matthew Charman ◽  
Walther Schwarzacher ◽  
Alison C. Rust
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Immersion Freezing ◽  
Water Drops

scholarly journals Ice nucleation properties of fine ash particles from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in April 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 17665-17698 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Steinke ◽  
O. Möhler ◽  
A. Kiselev ◽  
M. Niemand ◽  
H. Saathoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Surface Site ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Active Surface Site ◽  
Mineral Dusts ◽  
Immersion Freezing ◽  
Ice Fraction

Abstract. During the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in the south of Iceland in April/May 2010, about 40 Tg of ash mass were emitted into the atmosphere. However, it was unclear whether volcanic ash particles with d < 10 μm facilitate the glaciation of clouds. Thus, ice nucleation properties of volcanic ash particles were investigated in AIDA (Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) cloud chamber experiments simulating atmospherically relevant conditions. The ash sample that was used for our experiments had been collected at a distance of 58 km from the Eyjafjallajökull during the eruption period in April 2010. The temperature range covered by our ice nucleation experiments extended from 219 to 264 K, and both ice nucleation via immersion freezing and deposition nucleation could be observed. Immersion freezing was first observed at 252 K, whereas the deposition nucleation onset lay at 242 K and RHice = 126 %. About 0.1 % of the volcanic ash particles were active as immersion freezing nuclei at a temperature of 249 K. For deposition nucleation, an ice fraction of 0.1 % was observed at around 233 K and RHice = 116 %. Taking ice-active surface site densities as a measure for the ice nucleation efficiency, volcanic ash particles are similarly efficient ice nuclei in immersion freezing mode (ns, imm ~ 109 m−2 at 247 K) compared to certain mineral dusts. For deposition nucleation, the observed ice-active surface site densities ns, dep were found to be 1011 m−2 at 224 K and RHice = 116 %. Thus, volcanic ash particles initiate deposition nucleation more efficiently than Asian and Saharan dust but appear to be poorer ice nuclei than ATD particles. Based on the experimental data, we have derived ice-active surface site densities as a function of temperature for immersion freezing and of relative humidity over ice and temperature for deposition nucleation.

scholarly journals Deposition and immersion mode nucleation of ice by three distinct samples of volcanic ash using Raman spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1385-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Schill ◽  
K. Genareau ◽  
M. A. Tolbert
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Immersion Freezing ◽  
Nucleation Activity ◽  
Ice Nucleation Activity

Abstract. Ice nucleation on volcanic ash controls both ash aggregation and cloud glaciation, which affect atmospheric transport and global climate. Previously, it has been suggested that there is one characteristic ice nucleation efficiency for all volcanic ash, regardless of its composition, when accounting for surface area; however, this claim is derived from data from only two volcanic eruptions. In this work, we have studied the depositional and immersion freezing efficiency of three distinct samples of volcanic ash using Raman Microscopy coupled to an environmental cell. Ash from the Fuego (basaltic ash, Guatemala), Soufrière Hills (andesitic ash, Montserrat), and Taupo (Oruanui euption, rhyolitic ash, New Zealand) volcanoes were chosen to represent different geographical locations and silica content. All ash samples were quantitatively analyzed for both percent crystallinity and mineralogy using X-ray diffraction. In the present study, we find that all three samples of volcanic ash are excellent depositional ice nuclei, nucleating ice from 225–235 K at ice saturation ratios of 1.05 ± 0.01, comparable to the mineral dust proxy kaolinite. Since depositional ice nucleation will be more important at colder temperatures, fine volcanic ash may represent a global source of cold-cloud ice nuclei. For immersion freezing relevant to mixed-phase clouds, however, only the Oruanui ash exhibited heterogeneous ice nucleation activity. Similar to recent studies on mineral dust, we suggest that the mineralogy of volcanic ash may dictate its ice nucleation activity in the immersion mode.

scholarly journals Ice nucleation properties of fine ash particles from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in April 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 12945-12958 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Steinke ◽  
O. Möhler ◽  
A. Kiselev ◽  
M. Niemand ◽  
H. Saathoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Surface Site ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Active Surface Site ◽  
Mineral Dusts ◽  
Immersion Freezing ◽  
Ice Fraction

Abstract. During the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in the south of Iceland in April/May 2010, about 40 Tg of ash mass were emitted into the atmosphere. It was unclear whether volcanic ash particles with d < 10 μm facilitate the glaciation of clouds. Thus, ice nucleation properties of volcanic ash particles were investigated in AIDA (Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) cloud chamber experiments simulating atmospherically relevant conditions. The ash sample that was used for our experiments had been collected at a distance of 58 km from the Eyjafjallajökull during the eruption period in April 2010. The temperature range covered by our ice nucleation experiments extended from 219 to 264 K, and both ice nucleation via immersion freezing and deposition nucleation could be observed. Immersion freezing was first observed at 252 K, whereas the deposition nucleation onset lay at 242 K and RHice =126%. About 0.1% of the volcanic ash particles were active as immersion freezing nuclei at a temperature of 249 K. For deposition nucleation, an ice fraction of 0.1% was observed at around 233 K and RHice =116%. Taking ice-active surface site densities as a measure for the ice nucleation efficiency, volcanic ash particles are similarly efficient ice nuclei in immersion freezing mode (ns,imm ~ 109 m−2 at 247 K) compared to certain mineral dusts. For deposition nucleation, the observed ice-active surface site densities ns,dep were found to be 1011 m−2 at 224 K and RHice =116%. Thus, volcanic ash particles initiate deposition nucleation more efficiently than Asian and Saharan dust but appear to be poorer ice nuclei than ATD particles. Based on the experimental data, we have derived ice-active surface site densities as a function of temperature for immersion freezing and of relative humidity over ice and temperature for deposition nucleation.

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