Irreversibility of Marine Climate Change Impacts Under Carbon Dioxide Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinru Li ◽  
Kirsten Zickfeld ◽  
Sabine Mathesius ◽  
Karen Kohfeld ◽  
J. B. Robin Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
Marine Climate

Irreversibility of Marine Climate Change Impacts under Carbon Dioxide Removal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinru Li ◽  
Kirsten Zickfeld ◽  
Sabine Mathesius ◽  
Karen E. Kohfeld ◽  
John Brian Robin Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
Marine Climate

scholarly journals Biological Parts for Plant Biodesign to Enhance Land-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Yang ◽  
Degao Liu ◽  
Haiwei Lu ◽  
David J. Weston ◽  
Jin-Gui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

A grand challenge facing society is climate change caused mainly by rising CO2 concentration in Earth’s atmosphere. Terrestrial plants are linchpins in global carbon cycling, with a unique capability of capturing CO2 via photosynthesis and translocating captured carbon to stems, roots, and soils for long-term storage. However, many researchers postulate that existing land plants cannot meet the ambitious requirement for CO2 removal to mitigate climate change in the future due to low photosynthetic efficiency, limited carbon allocation for long-term storage, and low suitability for the bioeconomy. To address these limitations, there is an urgent need for genetic improvement of existing plants or construction of novel plant systems through biosystems design (or biodesign). Here, we summarize validated biological parts (e.g., protein-encoding genes and noncoding RNAs) for biological engineering of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) traits in terrestrial plants to accelerate land-based decarbonization in bioenergy plantations and agricultural settings and promote a vibrant bioeconomy. Specifically, we first summarize the framework of plant-based CDR (e.g., CO2 capture, translocation, storage, and conversion to value-added products). Then, we highlight some representative biological parts, with experimental evidence, in this framework. Finally, we discuss challenges and strategies for the identification and curation of biological parts for CDR engineering in plants.

scholarly journals The future of carbon dioxide removal must be transdisciplinary

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 20200038
Author(s):  
Tamara Jane Zelikova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Holistic Research

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) represents a suite of pathways to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and mitigate climate change. The importance of CDR has expanded in recent years as emission reductions are not at pace to meet climate goals. This CDR-themed issue brings together diverse perspectives in order to identify opportunities to integrate across CDR disciplines, create a more holistic research agenda and inform how CDR is deployed. The individual papers within the issue discuss engineered and nature-based CDR approaches as well as the broader social and behavioural dimensions of CDR development and deployment. Here, I summarize the main take-aways from these individual papers and present a path for integrating key lessons across disciplines to ensure CDR is scaled equitably and sustainably to deliver on its climate mitigation promise.

scholarly journals Climate change impacts on northern Australian rangeland livestock carrying capacity: a review of issues

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. McKeon ◽  
G. S. Stone ◽  
J. I. Syktus ◽  
J. O. Carter ◽  
N. R. Flood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Climate Change Projections ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Best Estimate ◽  
Climate Systems

Grazing is a major land use in Australia’s rangelands. The ‘safe’ livestock carrying capacity (LCC) required to maintain resource condition is strongly dependent on climate. We reviewed: the approaches for quantifying LCC; current trends in climate and their effect on components of the grazing system; implications of the ‘best estimates’ of climate change projections for LCC; the agreement and disagreement between the current trends and projections; and the adequacy of current models of forage production in simulating the impact of climate change. We report the results of a sensitivity study of climate change impacts on forage production across the rangelands, and we discuss the more general issues facing grazing enterprises associated with climate change, such as ‘known uncertainties’ and adaptation responses (e.g. use of climate risk assessment). We found that the method of quantifying LCC from a combination of estimates (simulations) of long-term (>30 years) forage production and successful grazier experience has been well tested across northern Australian rangelands with different climatic regions. This methodology provides a sound base for the assessment of climate change impacts, even though there are many identified gaps in knowledge. The evaluation of current trends indicated substantial differences in the trends of annual rainfall (and simulated forage production) across Australian rangelands with general increases in most of western Australian rangelands (including northern regions of the Northern Territory) and decreases in eastern Australian rangelands and south-western Western Australia. Some of the projected changes in rainfall and temperature appear small compared with year-to-year variability. Nevertheless, the impacts on rangeland production systems are expected to be important in terms of required managerial and enterprise adaptations. Some important aspects of climate systems science remain unresolved, and we suggest that a risk-averse approach to rangeland management, based on the ‘best estimate’ projections, in combination with appropriate responses to short-term (1–5 years) climate variability, would reduce the risk of resource degradation. Climate change projections – including changes in rainfall, temperature, carbon dioxide and other climatic variables – if realised, are likely to affect forage and animal production, and ecosystem functioning. The major known uncertainties in quantifying climate change impacts are: (i) carbon dioxide effects on forage production, quality, nutrient cycling and competition between life forms (e.g. grass, shrubs and trees); and (ii) the future role of woody plants including effects of fire, climatic extremes and management for carbon storage. In a simple example of simulating climate change impacts on forage production, we found that increased temperature (3°C) was likely to result in a decrease in forage production for most rangeland locations (e.g. –21% calculated as an unweighted average across 90 locations). The increase in temperature exacerbated or reduced the effects of a 10% decrease/increase in rainfall respectively (–33% or –9%). Estimates of the beneficial effects of increased CO2 (from 350 to 650 ppm) on forage production and water use efficiency indicated enhanced forage production (+26%). The increase was approximately equivalent to the decline in forage production associated with a 3°C temperature increase. The large magnitude of these opposing effects emphasised the importance of the uncertainties in quantifying the impacts of these components of climate change. We anticipate decreases in LCC given that the ‘best estimate’ of climate change across the rangelands is for a decline (or little change) in rainfall and an increase in temperature. As a consequence, we suggest that public policy have regard for: the implications for livestock enterprises, regional communities, potential resource damage, animal welfare and human distress. However, the capability to quantify these warnings is yet to be developed and this important task remains as a challenge for rangeland and climate systems science.

scholarly journals Reporting marine climate change impacts: Lessons from the science-policy interface

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Frost ◽  
John Baxter ◽  
Paul Buckley ◽  
Stephen Dye ◽  
Bethany Stoker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
Marine Climate

scholarly journals Climate change impacts on pest ecology and risks to pasture resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mansfield ◽  
Colin Ferguson ◽  
Philippa Gerard ◽  
David Hodges ◽  
John Kean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

It is well understood that damage by insect pests can have serious consequences for pasture resilience. However, the impacts of climate change on pastoral systems, the responses of insect pests, and implications for pest impact mitigation are unclear. This paper reviews pest responses to climate change, including direct impacts such as temperature and carbon dioxide levels, geographic range expansion, sleeper pests, and outbreaks resulting from disturbance such as drought and farm system changes. The paper concludes with a plea for transdisciplinary research into pasture resilience under climate change that has insect pests as an integral component – not as an afterthought.

scholarly journals Integrated Climate-Change Assessment Scenarios and Carbon Dioxide Removal

One Earth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Vanessa J. Schweizer ◽  
Kristie L. Ebi ◽  
Detlef P. van Vuuren ◽  
Henry D. Jacoby ◽  
Keywan Riahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
Change Assessment ◽  
Climate Change Assessment

scholarly journals Rooting carbon dioxide removal research in the social sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 20190138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Dowell ◽  
Jeff Niederdeppe ◽  
Jamie Vanucchi ◽  
Timur Dogan ◽  
Kieran Donaghy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
The Social

Reports from a variety of bodies have highlighted the role that carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies and practices must play in order to try to avoid the worst effects of anthropogenic climate change. Research into the feasibility of these technologies is primarily undertaken by scholars in the natural sciences, yet, as we argue in this commentary, there is great value in collaboration between these scholars and their colleagues in the social sciences. Spurred by this belief, in 2019, a university and a non-profit organization organized and hosted a workshop in Washington, DC, intended to bring natural and physical scientists, technology developers, policy professionals and social scientists together to explore how to better integrate social science knowledge into the field of CDR research. The workshop sought to build interdisciplinary collaborations across CDR topics, draft new social science research questions and integrate and exchange disciplinary-specific terminology. But a snowstorm kept many social scientists who had organized the conference from making the trip in person. The workshop went on without them and organizers did the best they could to include the team remotely, but in the age before daily video calls, remote participation was not as successful as organizers had hoped. And thus, a workshop that was supposed to focus on social science integration moved on, without many of the social scientists who organized the event. The social scientists in the room were supposed to form the dominant voice but with so many stuck in a snow storm, the balance of expertise shifted, as it often does when social scientists collaborate with natural and physical scientists. The outcomes of that workshop, lessons learned and opportunities missed, form the basis of this commentary, and they collectively indicate the barriers to integrating the natural, physical and social sciences on CDR. As the need for rapid, effective and successful CDR has only increased since that time, we argue that CDR researchers from across the spectrum must come together in ways that simultaneously address the technical, social, political, economic and cultural elements of CDR development, commercialization, adoption and diffusion if the academy is to have a material impact on climate change in the increasingly limited window we have to address it.

scholarly journals Climate change impacts on drought-prone forests in western Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H. (Ted) Hogg ◽  
Pierre Y Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Forest Productivity ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Key Words Climate Change

From a climate change perspective, much of the recent international focus on forests has been on their role in taking up carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The question of climate change impacts on forest productivity is also emerging as a critical issue, especially in drought-prone regions such as the western Canadian interior. Because of the complexity of interacting factors, there is uncertainty even in predicting the direction of change in the productivity of Canada's forests as a whole over the next century. In the most climatically vulnerable regions, however, successful adaptation may require more innovative approaches to forest management, coupled with an enhanced capacity for early detection of large-scale changes in forest productivity, dieback and regeneration. Key words: climate change, boreal forest, productivity, drought, impacts, adaptation

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