scholarly journals Winter Drought Relief Unlikely in Western U.S.

Eos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Cartier
Keyword(s):  
Drought Relief

This year is still on track to be one of the hottest years on record around the globe.

scholarly journals Root carbon and nutrient homeostasis determines downy oak sapling survival and recovery from drought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Nan Ouyang ◽  
Arthur Gessler ◽  
Matthias Saurer ◽  
Frank Hagedorn ◽  
De-Cai Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Drought Relief ◽  
A Minor

Abstract The role of carbon (C) and nutrient uptake, allocation, storage and especially their interactions in survival and recovery of trees under increased frequencies and intensities of drought events is not well understood. A full factorial experiment with four soil water content regimes ranging from extreme drought to well-watered conditions and two fertilization levels was carried out. We aimed to investigate whether nutrient addition mitigates drought effects on downy oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) and whether storage pools of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) are modified to enhance survival after 2.5 years of drought and recovery after drought relief. Physiological traits, such as photosynthesis, predawn leaf water potential as well as tissue biomass together with pools and dynamics of NSC and nutrients at the whole-tree level were investigated. Our results showed that fertilization played a minor role in saplings’ physiological processes to cope with drought and drought relief, but reduced sapling mortality during extreme drought. Irrespective of nutrient supply, Q. pubescens showed increased soluble sugar concentration in all tissues with increasing drought intensity, mostly because of starch degradation. After 28 days of drought relief, tissue sugar concentrations decreased, reaching comparable values to those of well-watered plants. Only during the recovery process from extreme drought, root NSC concentration strongly declined, leading to an almost complete NSC depletion after 28 days of rewetting, simultaneously with new leaves flushing. These findings suggest that extreme drought can lead to root C exhaustion. After drought relief, the repair and regrowth of organs can even exacerbate the root C depletion. We concluded that under future climate conditions with repeated drought events, the insufficient and lagged C replenishment in roots might eventually lead to C starvation and further mortality.

scholarly journals Drought Relief and Reversal over North America from 1500 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
M. C. A. Torbenson ◽  
D. W. Stahle ◽  
I. M. Howard ◽  
D. J. Burnette ◽  
D. Griffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
North America ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The North ◽  
Drought Relief

Abstract Season-to-season persistence of soil moisture drought varies across North America. Such interseasonal autocorrelation can have modest skill in forecasting future conditions several months in advance. Because robust instrumental observations of precipitation span less than 100 years, the temporal stability of the relationship between seasonal moisture anomalies is uncertain. The North American Seasonal Precipitation Atlas (NASPA) is a gridded network of separately reconstructed cool-season (December–April) and warm-season (May–July) precipitation series and offers new insights on the intra-annual changes in drought for up to 2000 years. Here, the NASPA precipitation reconstructions are rescaled to represent the long-term soil moisture balance during the cool season and 3-month-long atmospheric moisture during the warm season. These rescaled seasonal reconstructions are then used to quantify the frequency, magnitude, and spatial extent of cool-season drought that was relieved or reversed during the following summer months. The adjusted seasonal reconstructions reproduce the general patterns of large-scale drought amelioration and termination in the instrumental record during the twentieth century and are used to estimate relief and reversals for the most skillfully reconstructed past 500 years. Subcontinental-to-continental-scale reversals of cool-season drought in the following warm season have been rare, but the reconstructions display periods prior to the instrumental data of increased reversal probabilities for the mid-Atlantic region and the U.S. Southwest. Drought relief at the continental scale may arise in part from macroscale ocean–atmosphere processes, whereas the smaller-scale regional reversals may reflect land surface feedbacks and stochastic variability.

Drought Relief and Agricultural Rehabilitation

Disasters ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Shears
Keyword(s):  
Drought Relief

Changes in abscisic acid content during and after drought are related to carbohydrate mobilization and hydraulic recovery in poplar stems

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Brunetti ◽  
Tadeja Savi ◽  
Andrea Nardini ◽  
Francesco Loreto ◽  
Antonella Gori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Drought Relief ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Abscisic Acid Content

Abstract Drought compromises plant's ability to replace transpired water vapor with water absorbed from the soil, leading to extensive xylem dysfunction and causing plant desiccation and death. Short-term plant responses to drought rely on stomatal closure, and on the plant's ability to recover hydraulic functioning after drought relief. We hypothesize a key role for abscisic acid (ABA) not only in the control of stomatal aperture, but also in hydraulic recovery. Young plants of Populus nigra L. were used to investigate possible relationships among ABA, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and xylem hydraulic function under drought and after re-watering. In Populus nigra L. plants subjected to drought, water transport efficiency and hydraulic recovery after re-watering were monitored by measuring the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and stem specific hydraulic conductivity (Kstem). In the same plants ABA and NSC were quantified in wood and bark. Drought severely reduced stomatal conductance (gL) and markedly increased the PLC. Leaf and stem water potential, and stem hydraulic efficiency fully recovered within 24 h after re-watering, but gL values remained low. After re-watering, we found significant correlations between changes in ABA content and hexoses concentration both in wood and bark. Our findings suggest a role for ABA in the regulation of stem carbohydrate metabolism and starch mobilization upon drought relief, possibly promoting the restoration of xylem transport capacity.

Study of Population Migration in the Background of Climate Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3443-3446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Jun Chen ◽  
Meng Sheng Cai ◽  
Ming Yu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Involuntary Resettlement ◽  
Drought Relief ◽  
Early Warnings

In Hongsibao District, a dry area in central Ningxia, resettlement includes the three main types of government-dominated resettlement, resettlement by voluntary migration and involuntary resettlement arising from project implementation for drought relief. This study proposes corresponding population migration mechanisms by analyzing the three types of population migration and their features, and makes discussions on the mechanism of action of climate change factors on population migration in order to provide a reference for improving the ability of mankind to respond to early warnings of climate change, adapt to climate change and manage risks related to climate change.

Are economic instruments the saviour for biodiversity on private land?

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gibbons ◽  
S. V Briggs ◽  
J. M. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Public Land ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Drought Relief ◽  
Head Of Government

IT is the year 2020. Farmers have broken the record for the number of threatened species recorded on private property in a single year. Five species of woodland bird are removed from threatened species lists. The area of private land managed for biodiversity now exceeds the area of public land managed for biodiversity. Farm income from biodiversity is greater than wheat. The Biodiversity Growers Association calls for the environment levy on Australian taxpayers to be increased. Drought relief payments are at an all time low. Retiring head of government conservation agency described as "visionary" by farmers' representatives.

Drought relief in South East, Queensland, Australia, provided by membrane-reclaimed water

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Freeman ◽  
Jon Bates ◽  
Cindy Wallis-Lage ◽  
John McEvoy
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Drought Relief
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