scholarly journals A GOLDen Way to Study Space Weather

Eos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Zastrow
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Weather System ◽  
Nasa Mission

A NASA mission is observing airglow in the upper atmosphere and uncovering what it tells us about Earth’s space weather system.

scholarly journals The electronic Space Weather upper atmosphere (eSWua) project at INGV: advancements and state of the art

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Romano ◽  
S. Pau ◽  
M. Pezzopane ◽  
E. Zuccheretti ◽  
B. Zolesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Software System ◽  
General Description ◽  
Data Archiving ◽  
Web Tools ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Technological Community

Abstract. The eSWua project is based on measurements performed by all the instruments installed by the upper atmosphere physics group of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy and on all the related studies. The aim is the realization of a hardware-software system to standardize historical and real-time observations for different instruments. An interactive Web site, supported by a well organized database, can be a powerful tool for the scientific and technological community in the field of telecommunications and space weather. The most common and useful database type for our purposes is the relational one, in which data are organized in tables for petabytes data archiving and the complete flexibility in data retrieving. The project started in June 2005 and will last till August 2007. In the first phase the major effort has been focused on the design of hardware and database architecture. The first two databases related to the DPS4 digisonde and GISTM measurements are complete concerning populating, tests and output procedures. Details on the structure and Web tools concerning these two databases are presented, as well as the general description of the project and technical features.

scholarly journals Space Weather, SuperDARN and the Tasmanian Tiger

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Earth’S Magnetosphere ◽  
Earth's Magnetosphere

The plasma environment extending from the solar surface through interplanetary space to the outermost reaches of the Earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field is dynamic, often disturbed, and capable of harming humans and damaging manmade systems. Disturbances in this environment have been identified as space weather disturbances. At the present time there is growing interest in monitoring and predicting space weather disturbances. In this paper we present some of the difficulties involved in achieving this goal by comparing the processes that drive tropospheric-weather systems with those that drive space-weather systems in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. The former are driven by pressure gradients which result from processes that heat and cool the atmosphere. The latter are driven by electric fields that result from interactions between the streams of ionised gases emerging from the Sun (solar wind) and the Earth’s magnetosphere. Although the dimensions of the Earth’s magnetosphere are vastly greater than those of tropospheric weather systems, the global space-weather response to changes in the solar wind is much more rapid than the response of tropospheric-weather systems to changing conditions. We shall demonstrate the rapid evolution of space-weather systems in the upper atmosphere through measurements with a global network of radars known as SuperDARN. We shall also describe how the SuperDARN network is evolving, including a newly funded Australian component known as the Tasman International Geospace Environmental Radar (TIGER).

The Evolving Space Weather System-Van Allen Probes Contribution

Space Weather ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Zanetti ◽  
B. H. Mauk ◽  
N. J. Fox ◽  
R. J. Barnes ◽  
M. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Weather System ◽  
Van Allen Probes

Towards an integrated model of the space weather system

2004 ◽  
Vol 66 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 1241-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jeffrey Hughes ◽  
Mary K. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Weather System

NASA mission to study upper atmosphere

Eos ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (30) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Anonymous
Keyword(s):  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Nasa Mission

Building and Using Coupled Models for the Space Weather System: Lessons Learned

Space Weather ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Baker ◽  
Jack Quinn ◽  
Jeffrey Hughes ◽  
John Lyon ◽  
Jon Linker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Weather System

scholarly journals Extreme ultraviolet spectral irradiance measurements since 1946

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schmidtke
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the physics of the upper atmosphere the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation plays a dominant role controlling most of the thermospheric/ionospheric (T/I) processes. Since this part of the solar spectrum is absorbed in the thermosphere, platforms to measure the EUV fluxes became only available with the development of rockets reaching altitude levels exceeding 80 km. With the availability of V2 rockets used in space research, recording of EUV spectra started in 1946 using photographic films. The development of pointing devices to accurately orient the spectrographs toward the sun initiated intense activities in solar–terrestrial research. The application of photoelectric recording technology enabled the scientists placing EUV spectrometers aboard satellites observing qualitatively strong variability of the solar EUV irradiance on short-, medium-, and long-term scales. However, as more measurements were performed more radiometric EUV data diverged due to the inherent degradation of the EUV instruments with time. Also, continuous recording of the EUV energy input to the T/I system was not achieved. It is only at the end of the last century that there was progress made in solving the serious problem of degradation enabling to monitore solar EUV fluxes with sufficient radiometric accuracy. The data sets available allow composing the data available to the first set of EUV data covering a period of 11 years for the first time. Based on the sophisticated instrumentation verified in space, future EUV measurements of the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) are promising accuracy levels of about 5% and less. With added low-cost equipment, real-time measurements will allow providing data needed in ionospheric modeling, e.g., for correcting propagation delays of navigation signals from space to earth. Adding EUV airglow and auroral emission monitoring by airglow cameras, the impact of space weather on the terrestrial T/I system can be studied with a spectral terrestrial irradiance camera (STI-Cam) and also be used investigating real-time space weather effects and deriving more detailed correction procedures for the evaluation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals. Progress in physics goes with achieving higher accuracy in measurements. This review historically guides the reader on the ways of exploring the impact of the variable solar radiation in the extreme ultraviolet spectral region on our upper atmosphere in the altitude regime from 80 to 1000 km.

LOFAR4SpaceWeather (LOFAR4SW) – Increasing European Space-Weather Capability with Europe’s Largest Radio Telescope: Beyond the Detailed Design Review (DDR)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario M. Bisi ◽  
Mark Ruiter ◽  
Richard A. Fallows ◽  
René Vermeulen ◽  
Stuart C. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Regular Space ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Weather System ◽  
Design Review ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Horizon 2020

<p>The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) is an advanced phased-array radio-telescope system based across Europe.  It is capable of observing over a wide radio bandwidth of ~10-250 MHz at both high spatial and temporal resolutions.  LOFAR has capabilities that enable studies of many aspects of what we class as space weather (from the Sun to the Earth and afar) to be progressed beyond today’s state-of-the-art.   However, with the present setup and organisation behind the operations of the telescope, it can only be used for space-weather campaign studies with limited triggering availability.  This severely limits our ability to effectively use LOFAR to contribute to space-weather monitoring/forecast beyond its core strength of enabling world-leading scientific research.  LOFAR itself is made up of a dense core of 24 stations near Exloo in The Netherlands with an additional 14 stations spread across the northeast Netherlands.  In addition to those, there are a further 13 stations based internationally across Europe.  These international stations are, currently, six in Germany, three in northern Poland, and one each in France, Ireland, Latvia, Sweden, and the UK.  Further sites are under preparations (for example, in Italy).</p><p> </p><p>We are undertaking a Horizon 2020 (H2020) INFRADEV design study to undertake investigations into upgrading LOFAR to allow for regular space-weather science/monitoring observations in parallel with normal radio-astronomy/scientific operations.  This project is called the LOFAR For Space Weather (LOFAR4SW) project (see: http://lofar4sw.eu/).  Our work involves all aspects of scientific and engineering work along with end-user and political engagements with various stakeholders.  This is with the full recognition that space weather is a worldwide threat with varying local, regional, continent-wide impacts, and also global impacts – and hence is a global concern.</p><p> </p><p>Here, we summarise the most-recent key aspects of the LOFAR4SW progress including outputs/progress following the Detailed Design Review (DDR) that took place at ASTRON, The Netherlands, in March 2020, as well as the implementation of recommendations from the earlier Preliminary Design Review (PDR) with an outlook to the LOFAR4SW User Workshop the week following EGU 2020.  We also aim to briefly summarise a key set of the longer-term goals envisaged for LOFAR to become one of Europe’s most-comprehensive space-weather observing systems capable of shedding new light on several aspects of the space-weather system, from the Sun to the solar wind to Jupiter and Earth’s ionosphere.</p>

scholarly journals Stable extension of the unified model into the mesosphere and lower thermosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Griffith ◽  
David R. Jackson ◽  
Daniel J. Griffin ◽  
Chris J. Budd
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Damping Coefficient ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Atmosphere Model ◽  
Upper Boundary

A coupled Sun-to-Earth model is the goal for accurate forecasting of space weather. A key component of such a model is a whole atmosphere model – a general circulation model extending from the ground into the upper atmosphere – since it is now known that the lower atmosphere also drives variability and space weather in the upper atmosphere, in addition to solar variability. This objective motivates the stable extension of The Met Office’s Unified Model (UM) into the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT), acting as a first step towards a whole atmosphere model. At the time of performing this research, radiation and chemistry schemes that are appropriate for use in the MLT had not yet been implemented. Furthermore, attempts to run the model with existing parameterizations and a raised upper boundary led to an unstable model with inaccurate solutions. Here, this instability is examined and narrowed down to the model’s radiation scheme – its assumption of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) is broken in the MLT. We subsequently address this issue by relaxation to a climatological temperature profile in this region. This provides a stable extended UM which can be used as a developmental tool for further examination of the model performance. The standard vertical resolution used in the UM above 70 km is too coarse (approx. 5 km) to represent waves that are important for MLT circulation. We build on the success of the nudging implementation by testing the model at an improved vertical resolution. Initial attempts to address this problem with a 3 km vertical resolution and a 100 km lid were successful, but on increasing the resolution to 1.5 km the model becomes unstable due to large horizontal and vertical wind velocities. Increasing the vertical damping coefficient, which damps vertical velocities near the upper boundary, allows a successful year long climatology to be produced with these model settings. With the goal of a whole atmosphere model we also experiment with an increased upper boundary height. Increasing the upper model boundary to 120 and 135 km also leads to stable simulations. However, a 3 km resolution must be used and it is necessary to further increase the vertical damping coefficient. This is highly promising initial work to raise the UM into the MLT, and paves the way for the development of a whole atmosphere model.

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