scholarly journals Projected Changes in the Probability Distributions, Seasonality, and Spatiotemporal Scaling of Daily and Subdaily Extreme Precipitation Simulated by a 50‐Member Ensemble Over Northeastern North America

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (19) ◽  
pp. 10427-10449 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Innocenti ◽  
A. Mailhot ◽  
M. Leduc ◽  
A. J. Cannon ◽  
A. Frigon
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Projected Changes

scholarly journals Simple scaling of extreme precipitation in North America

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 5823-5846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Innocenti ◽  
Alain Mailhot ◽  
Anne Frigon
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Infrastructure Design ◽  
Simple Scaling ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Extreme Probability

Abstract. Extreme precipitation is highly variable in space and time. It is therefore important to characterize precipitation intensity distributions on several temporal and spatial scales. This is a key issue in infrastructure design and risk analysis, for which intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves are the standard tools used for describing the relationships among extreme rainfall intensities, their frequencies, and their durations. Simple scaling (SS) models, characterizing the relationships among extreme probability distributions at several durations, represent a powerful means for improving IDF estimates. This study tested SS models for approximately 2700 stations in North America. Annual maximum series (AMS) over various duration intervals from 15 min to 7 days were considered. The range of validity, magnitude, and spatial variability of the estimated scaling exponents were investigated. Results provide additional guidance for the influence of both local geographical characteristics, such as topography, and regional climatic features on precipitation scaling. Generalized extreme-value (GEV) distributions based on SS models were also examined. Results demonstrate an improvement of GEV parameter estimates, especially for the shape parameter, when data from different durations were pooled under the SS hypothesis.

Plants and Subsistence during the Fluted-Point Period of the Northeast

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nathaniel R. Kitchel ◽  
Madeline E. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Macrobotanical Remains ◽  
Caribou Hunting

The role of plant foods during the fluted-point period (FPP) of North America is contested. Central to this debate is whether the scarcity of FPP macrobotanical materials stems from poor preservation of archaeological features and the macrobotanical remains they might contain or from the limited use of plants during the FPP. Employing summed probability distributions of radiocarbon date frequencies in northeastern North America, we find that FPP hearths are as common as expected, given the small number of well-dated FPP sites in the region. A second comparison shows that northeastern FPP hearths contain macrobotanical remains at a higher frequency than hearths from a region with better preservation and where small seeds formed a part of the diet. The macrobotanical materials so far recovered from FPP hearths in the Northeast show that plant foods contributed to diets during the FPP but that the plant diet breadth was relatively narrow, consistent with a specialized caribou hunting lifeway.

scholarly journals Simple Scaling of extreme precipitation in North America

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Innocenti ◽  
Alain Mailhot ◽  
Anne Frigon
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Infrastructure Design ◽  
Simple Scaling ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Extreme Probability

Abstract. Extreme precipitation is highly variable in space and time. It is therefore important to characterize precipitation intensity distributions at several temporal and spatial scales. This is a key issue in infrastructure design and risk analysis, for which Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves are the standard tools used for describing the relationships among extreme rainfall intensities, their frequencies, and their durations. Simple Scaling (SS) models, characterizing the relationships among extreme probability distributions at several durations, represent a powerful means for improving IDF estimates. This study tested SS models for approximately 2700 stations in North America. Annual Maxima Series (AMS) over various duration intervals from 15 h to 7 days were considered. The range of validity, magnitude, and spatial variability of the estimated scaling exponents were investigated. Results provide additional guidance for the influence of both local geographical characteristics, such as topography, and regional climatic features on precipitation scaling. Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions based on SS models were also examined. Results demonstrate an improvement of GEV parameter estimates, especially for the shape parameter, when data from different durations were pooled under the SS hypothesis.

FABRIC OF THE LITHOSPHERE IN NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Li ◽  
◽  
Vadim Levin ◽  
Zhenxin Xie
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northeastern North America

Projected changes in extreme precipitation over eastern Asia in the 21st century

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 3701-3713
Author(s):  
Chenghai Wang ◽  
Danyang Cui ◽  
Jerasorn Santisirisomboon
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Projected Changes

Early Maize in Northeastern North America: A Comment on Emerson and Colleagues

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-427
Author(s):  
John P. Hart ◽  
William A. Lovis ◽  
M. Anne Katzenberg
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Isotopic Evidence ◽  
St Lawrence River

Emerson and colleagues (2020) provide new isotopic evidence on directly dated human bone from the Greater Cahokia region. They conclude that maize was not adopted in the region prior to AD 900. Placing this result within the larger context of maize histories in northeastern North America, they suggest that evidence from the lower Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River valley for earlier maize is “enigmatic” and “perplexing.” Here, we review that evidence, accumulated over the course of several decades, and question why Emerson and colleagues felt the need to offer opinions on that evidence without providing any new contradictory empirical evidence for the region.

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