scholarly journals Iron Supply Pathways Between the Surface and Subsurface Waters of the Southern Ocean: From Winter Entrainment to Summer Storms

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (24) ◽  
pp. 14567-14575 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.‐A. Nicholson ◽  
M. Lévy ◽  
J. Jouanno ◽  
X. Capet ◽  
S. Swart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Iron Supply ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Surface And Subsurface Waters

Detecting Climate Fingerprints in Southern Ocean Carbon using a Biogeochemical Ocean Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Wright ◽  
Corinne Le Quéré ◽  
Erik Buitenhuis ◽  
Dorothee Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Ocean Carbon ◽  
And Storage

<p>The Southern Ocean plays an important role in the uptake, transport and storage of carbon by the global oceans. These properties are dominated by the response to the rise in anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere, but they are modulated by climate variability and climate change. Here we explore the effect of climate variability and climate change on ocean carbon uptake and storage in the Southern Ocean. We assess the extent to which climate change may be distinguishable from the anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> signal and from the natural background variability. We use a combination of biogeochemical ocean modelling and observations from the GLODAPv2020 database to detect climate fingerprints in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC).</p><p>We conduct an ensemble of hindcast model simulations of the period 1920-2019, using a global ocean biogeochemical model which incorporates plankton ecosystem dynamics based on twelve plankton functional types. We use the model ensemble to isolate the changes in DIC due to rising anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> alone and the changes due to climatic drivers (both climate variability and climate change), to determine their relative roles in the emerging total DIC trends and patterns. We analyse these DIC trends for a climate fingerprint over the past four decades, across spatial scales from the Southern Ocean, to basin level and down to regional ship transects. Highly sampled ship transects were extracted from GLODAPv2020 to obtain locations with the maximum spatiotemporal coverage, to reduce the inherent biases in patchy observational data. Model results were sampled to the ship transects to compare the climate fingerprints directly to the observational data.</p><p>Model results show a substantial change in DIC over a 35-year period, with a range of more than +/- 30 µmol/L. In the surface ocean, both anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> and climatic drivers act to increase DIC concentration, with the influence of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> dominating at lower latitudes and the influence of climatic drivers dominating at higher latitudes. In the deep ocean, the anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> generally acts to increase DIC except in the subsurface waters at lower latitudes, while climatic drivers act to decrease DIC concentration. The combined fingerprint of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> and climatic drivers on DIC concentration is for an increasing trend at the surface and decreasing trends in low latitude subsurface waters. Preliminary comparison of the model fingerprints to observational ship transects will also be presented.</p>

Geochemical features of rare-earth elements in surface and subsurface waters in the field of the Albynskoe Gold-Bearing Placer, Amur oblast

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Radomskaya ◽  
S. M. Radomskii ◽  
E. N. Kulik ◽  
L. I. Rogulina ◽  
L. P. Shumilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Amur Oblast ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Surface And Subsurface Waters ◽  
Gold Bearing

scholarly journals Treatability of organic matter derived from surface and subsurface waters of drinking water catchments

Chemosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 1193-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Awad ◽  
John van Leeuwen ◽  
Joel Liffner ◽  
Christopher Chow ◽  
Mary Drikas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Surface And Subsurface Waters ◽  
Water Catchments

scholarly journals Seasonal calcium carbonate undersaturation in shelf waters of the Western Arctic Ocean; how biological processes exacerbate the impact of ocean acidification

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 14255-14290 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Bates ◽  
M. I. Orchowska ◽  
R. Garley ◽  
J. T. Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface And Subsurface Waters

Abstract. The Arctic Ocean accounts for only 4% of the global ocean area but it contributes significantly to the global carbon cycle. Recent observations of seawater carbonate chemistry in shelf waters of the Western Arctic from 2009 to 2011 indicate that extensive areas of the benthos are exposed to bottom waters that are seasonally undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals, particularly aragonite. Our observations indicate seasonal reduction of saturation states (Ω) for calcite (Ωcalcite) and aragonite (Ωaragonite) in the subsurface in the Western Arctic by as much as 0.9 and 0.6, respectively. Such data indicates that bottom waters of the Western Arctic shelves are already potentially corrosive for biogenic and sedimentary CaCO3 for several months each year. Seasonal changes in Ω are imparted by a variety of factors such as phytoplankton photosynthesis, respiration/remineralization of organic matter and air-sea gas exchange of CO2 – combined these processes either increase or enhance Ω in surface and subsurface waters, respectively. These seasonal physical and biological processes also act to mitigate or enhance the impact of Anthropocene ocean acidification (OA) on Ω in surface and subsurface waters, respectively. Future monitoring of the Western Arctic shelves is warranted to assess the present and future impact on Ω values from ocean acidification and seasonal biological/physical processes on Arctic marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Investigation of the activity of Rn-222 along a small stream in the Representative Basin of Juatuba - MG

RBRH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Verna Magalhães Ferreira ◽  
Cláudio José Chagas ◽  
Rubens Martins Moreira ◽  
Zildete Rocha ◽  
Talita de Oliveira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Natural Tracer ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
Surface And Subsurface Waters

ABSTRACT For thousands of years, water has been the focus of experimentation toward solving the challenges associated with human water supply, navigation, irrigation, and sanitation. The use of tracers to study water resources is an efficient approach that can facilitate the modeling of many hydrological scenarios. The goal of this paper is to show results of research that tracked the presence of Rn-222, a natural tracer, in the surface waters of a small watercourse in southeastern part of Brazil. RAD 7, which is an electronic and portable radon detector, was the main instrument used in this survey. We analyzed 117 water samples and converted the radon activity results to effective radiation doses with respect to the hypothetical human consumption of these waters. We also analyzed the sediments of the watercourse. The obtained data showed that the radon activity in the studied waters varies between 0.52-76.96 Bq/m3. We determined the effective dose of all samples to be less than 1 mSv y−1, and its consumption to present no risk to human health. The existence of connections between surface and subsurface waters in the stream is possible, and radon peaks may indicate the existence of discharge zones into the surface water body.

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